English Tenses

Tenses bahasa Inggris adalah perubahan kata kerja yang dipengaruhi oleh waktu dan sifat kejadian. Semua kalimat dalam bahasa Inggris tidak lepas dari tenses karena semua kalimat pasti ada hubungannya dengan waktu dan sifat kejadiannya.

Rumus Tenses Bahasa Inggris

1. Rumus Present tense

Positif : S + V1 (s/es)
Negatif: S + DO/DOES + NOT + V1
Tanya : DO/DOES + S + V1

Contoh Kalimat
(+) You study English at John’s place everyday.
(-) You don’t study English at John’s plac everyday.
(?) Do you study English at John’s plac everyday?

Dalam bahasa Inggris Present Tense atau Simple Present Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa atau kejadian, kegiatan, aktivitas dan sebagainya yang terjadi saat ini. Present Tense juga digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu Fakta, atau sesuatu yang tejadi berulang-ulang dimasa sekarang.

2. Rumus Past Tense

Positif : S + V2
Negatif: S + did not + V1
Tanya : Did + S + V1

Contoh kalimat :
(+) I launched this blog on august 2012
(-) I didn’t launch this blog on august 2012
(?) did you launch this blog on august 2012?

Inti dari Past Tense adalah untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang telah “Lampau”, pokoknya sudah berlalu, sudah lewat. Itulah penekanannya. Mungkin kemarin, satu jam lalu, 2 tahun lalu, 2 abad yang lalu, dan sebagainya. Semua itu sudah “Past”. Setelah membaca uraian ini Anda pasti paham lebih dalam.

3. Rumus Future tense

Positif : S + will + V1
Negatif: S + will + not + V1
Tanya : Will + S + V1

Contoh kalimat :
(+) You will eat
(-) you will not eat
(?) will you eat?

Future Tense atau Simple Future digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang Akan Terjadi. Future tense adalah tentang Nanti. Sesuatu arti katanyaFuture yaitu “Masa Depan”. Karena itu dalam Future Tense penggunaan kata Will, Shall yang artinya akan pastilah mendominasi.
Setiap Future pasti pakai WILL atau SHALL, artinya AKAN. Namun ada juga yang namanya Past Future Tense nanti. Karena Past maka Will dan Shall nya pakai past juga yaitu “Would”, nanti kita pelajari lebih dalam di Past Future Tense. Oh ya, sesudah Will atau Shall atau Would pasilah diikuti bentuk 1 baik itu kata kerja atau kata kerja bantu.
Shall jarang digunakan. Bisanya Shall untuk Subject I dan We (I shall…, We shall….) dan tidak untuk yang lain. Tetapi lebih sering orang pakai I will.. dan We will.. Jadi untuk I dan We boleh pakai baik will atau shall. Sedangkan Subject yang lain seperti HE, SHE, IT, YOU, THEY, WE semuanya pakai Will.

4. Rumus Present contiuos tense

Positif : S + Tobe + Ving
Negatif: S + Tobe+ Not+ Ving
Tanya : Tobe + S + Ving

Contoh kalimat :
(+) you are reading my article at present
(-) you aren’t reading my article at present
(?) are you reading my article at present?

Present Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan, suatu yang sedang terjadi saat ini, sedang berlangsung saat ini. Misalnya: Saya sedang menulis sekarang, Present Continuous Tense ini digunakan jika kita menekankan pada “Sekarang” nya itu.

5. Past continuous tense

Positif: S + was/were + Ving
Negatif: S + was/were + NOT + Ving
Tanya: Was/Were + S + Ving

Contoh kalimat
(+) I was sleeping when my friend come to my house yesterday
(-) I was not sleeping when my friend come to my house
(?) was you sleeping when my friend come to my house?

Past Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang SEDANG TERJADI juga, tetapi sedang terjadi sekarang, melainkan sedang terjadi tetapi DULU, tetapi sudah lewat.
Seperti arti katanya, Past berarti “sudah lewat”, sedangkan Continuous artinya “sedang”.
Jadi, Past Continuous Tense ini mirip rumusnya dengan Present Continuous Tense, bedanya di TOBE nya yang menjadi bentuk kedua. Ingat-ingat perubahan dan pasangan TO BE nya ya.
Tobe: is, am berubah menjadi WAS
Tobe: are berubah menajdi WERE
I, She, He, It, John, Merry pasangannya adalah WAS
We, They, John and Merry pasangannya adalah WERE.

6. Rumus Future continuous tense

Rumus Future Continuous Tense
Positif: S + will + be + Ving
Negatif: S + will not + be + Ving
Tanya: Will + S + be + Ving

Contoh kalimat
(+) she will be learning music rock
(-) she will not be learning music rock
(?) will she be learning music rock?

Tense ini berbicara tentang suatu peristiwa yang “Sedang Terjadi” juga sebagaimana Present Continuous Tense, tetapi bedanya dalam Future Continuous Tense maka “Sedang” nya itu bukan sekarang melainkan besok, akan datang, nanti.
Tenses Bahasa Inggris yang mengandung kata “Continuous” maka selalu pakai kata kerjabentuk ING, Verb + Ing. Setiap kata kerja atau kata kerja bantu yang mengikuti WILL pasti bentuk-1. Dan setiap ada to be, baik itu be itu sendiri atau am, is, are, was, were, been maka kata kerjanya pasti pakai ING.

7. Present perfect tense

Positif : S + have/has + V3
Negatif: S + have/sas Not + V3
Tanya : Have/has + S + V3

Contoh Present Perfect Tense
(+) : She has gone (Dia baru saja pergi)
(-) : She has not gone
(?) : Has She gone?

Jika dalam Present Tense penekananya pada fakta, kejadian berulang-ulang atau yang menjadi kebiasaan, dan Present Continuous Tense menekankan pada “sedang” terjadi, maka..
Present Perfect Tense menekankan pada PERFECT nya itu. Perfect kan artinya “sempurna”. Jadi, kalau Anda menekankan pada “SUDAH” nya itu maka gunakanlah Present Perfect Tense ini. Contoh yang paling mengena misalnya: Dia baru saja pergi (She has just gone).

8. Past perfect tense

Positif : S + had + V3
Negatif: S + had + not + V3
Tanya : Had + S + V3

Contoh kalimat :
(+) I had gone when he arrived at my home
(-) I hadn’t gone when he arrived
(?) had you gone when he arrived?

PRESENT Perfect Tense mengenai suatu kejadian atau peristiwa yang selesai (sempurna, perfect) saat ini, contohnya: She has just gone (Dia baru saja pergi). Disini Past Perfect Tense adalah bentuk lampau (Past) dari Present Perfect Tense itu, makanya disebut Past Perfect Tense, sama-sama Perfectnya jadi Present Perfect Tense menggunakan rumus S + Have/has + V3 maka Past Perfect Tense menggunakan bentuk lampau dari Has/has yaitu “Had”.
Past Perfect Tense sering digunakan dengan menggunakan kalimat lain yang berbentuk lampau (Past Tense) yang dihubungan dengan kata sambung seperti When (ketika), After (setelah) untuk menekankan bahwa Perfectnya (Sudahnya) itu adalah di masa lampau.

9. Future perfect tense

Positif : S + will + have + V3
Negatif: S + will + not + have + V3
Tanya : Will + S + have + V3

Contoh kalimat
(+) I will have swum at 11 tomorrow
(-) I will not have swom at 11 tomorrow
(?) will you have swom at 11 tomorrow?

Future Perfect Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang “Sudah terjadi, tetapi AKAN”.

10. Past perfect continuos tense

Positif : S + had + been + Ving
Negatif: S + had + not + been + Ving
Tanya : Had + S + been + Ving

Contoh kalimat
(+) : They had been playing football
(-) : they had not been playing football
(?) : had they been playing football?

Past Perfect Continuous Tense dalam pelajaran Bahasa Inggris Grammar digunakan untuk menyatakan hal atau peristiwa yang sesuatu yang TELAH dan SEDANG terjadi dimasa LAMPAU.

11. Future perfect continuos tense

Rumus Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Positif : S + will + have + been + Ving
Negatif: S + will + not + have + been + Ving
Tanya : Will + S + have + been + Ving

Contoh kalimat
(+) : you will have been working
(-) : you will not have been working
(?) : will you have been working ?

12. Present perpect continuos tense

Positif : S + have/has + been + Ving
Negatif: S + have/has + not + been + Ving
Tanya : Have/has + S + been + Ving

Contoh kalimat :
(+) : she has been learning English for 3 years
(-) : she has not been learning English for 3 years
(?) : has she been learning English for 3 years

Tenses Present Prefect Continuous digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian, peristiwa atau apalah namanya, yang SUDAH terjadi dan MASIH berlangsung bahkan sangat mungkin AKAN berlanjut. Dari dulu hingga kini bahkan nanti

Contoh Tenses Bahasa Inggris

Berikut adalah contoh 12 tenses bahasa Inggris:

Simple Present: He sings.
Present Perfect: He has sung.
Present Continuous: He is singing.
Present Perfect Continuous: He has been singing.
Simple Past: He sang.
Past Perfect: He had sung.
Past Continuous: He was singing.
Past Perfect Continuous: He had been singing.
Simple Future: He will sing.
Future Continuous: He will be singing.
Future Perfect: He will have sung.
Future Perfect Continuous: He will have been singing.

Penjelasan Present, Past, Future Tenses dan Conditional

1. Present Tenses

– Simple present tense

Jenis tentes ini digunakan untuk menunjukkan kebiasaan, fakta dan kejadian yang terjadi pada masa sekarang.

Penggunaan Present Tenses
Contoh kalimat:
Kebiasaan
I study for two hours every night
Fakta
The center of our solar system is sun
Kejadian pada masa sekarang
I need some money right now
– Present Continuous tense

Tenses ini digunakan untuk menunjukan kejadian yang terjadi sekarang atau juga rencana di masa depan. Karena dapat digunakan pada waktu sekarang dan masa depan maka seringkali diikuti oleh adverb of time.

Penggunaan Present Continues Tenses
Contoh kalimat:
Berlangsung sekarang
Tom is driving his new red car
– Present Perfect tense

Suatu tense yang digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang telah dimulai pada suatu titik dan berlangsung hingga sekarang.

Pengunaan Present Perfect tense
Contoh kalimat:
Kejadian masa lalu
I have read the book
– Present Perfect Continuous tense

Tense ini digunakan untuk bentuk kata kerja yang dimulai pada masa lalu dan terus berlanjut.

Penggunaan Present Perfect Continues
Contoh kalimat:
Kejadian yang sudah selesai namun mempunyai hubungan dengan sekarang
I have been writing with my computer all night long.

2. Past Tenses

– Simple Past tense

Untuk menunjukkan kejadian pada masa lalu, dengan bantuan adverb of time seperti yesterday, last two days, last year dan lain-lain.

Penggunaan Past Tense
Contoh kalimat:
Aksi di masa lalu dengan durasi tertentu
Tony went to the library three days ago.
Kebiasaan pada masa lalu
I often went to campus when i lived in Jogja
– Past Continuous tense

Tenses ini digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa ada kegiatan yang terjadi di masa lalu dan belum selesai.

Penggunaan Past Continues Tense
Contoh kalimat:
Suatu aksi yang terjadi di masa lalu
I was riding bicycle
– Past Perfect Tense

Tense yang digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang sudah terjadi dan juga sudah selesai pada masa lalu. Contoh: Jessy had been singing

– Past Perfect Continuous tense

Untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi telah selesai sebelum kejadian yang lainnya terjadi. Contoh: My brother had slept before father came home.

3. (Present) Future Tenses

– (Present) Simple Future tense

Untuk menyatakan kejadian di masa depan, baik secara terencana (be going) atau secara spontan (will).
Contoh: I will go to Jakarta atau I am going to Jakarta and it is my ticket.

– (Present) Future Continuous tense

Untuk menyatakan kejadian yang akan berlangsung di masa depan.
Contoh: I will be shopping in Paris

– (Present) Future Perfect tense

Untuk menyatakan kejadian yang akan telah selesai pada masa depan.
Contoh: The bos will have eat at 11 am.

– (Present) Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu kejadian dimasa depan akan telah berlangsung.
Contoh: The bos will have been playing golf for 2 hours

4. Conditional / Past Future Tense

– (Simple) Conditional / Past Future tense

Tenses ini digunakan untuk menyatakan probabilitas. Contoh: if I found his wallet, I would give it back to him

– Conditional / Past Future Continuous tense

Tenses ini digunakan untuk menyatakan kemungkinan yang akan dilakukan melalui sebuah proses. Contoh: If I could go home, I am staying with my wife.

– Conditional / Past Future Perfect tense

Tenses ini digunakan untuk menyatakan kemungkinan yang akan telah dilakukan oleh subyek. Contoh: if I could fly, I had crossed the sea.

– Conditional / Past Future Perfect Continuous tense

Tenses terakhir dari 16 tenses bahasa inggris ini digunakan untuk menyatakan kemungkinan yang akan telah dilakukan untuk beberapa saat. Contoh: if you studied hard, you had been controlling the world.

Contoh Soal dan Jawaban Tenses Bahasa Inggris

1. The old women had brought many apples. (ubah ke present perfect tense)

a. The old women has brought many apples.
b. The old women have brought many apples.

Jawaban: B. Rumus yang digunakan present perfect tense adalah S + Have/has + Verb3. Penggunaan have atau has tergantung dengan subjeknya, dan subjek the old women menggunakan have karena subjek jamak (tunggalnya the old woman)

2. John’s teeth were better. (ubah ke future perfect tense)

a. John’s teeth will have been better.
b. John’s teeth will have be better.

Jawaban: A. Rumus yang digunakan dalam future perfet tense adalah S + Will + Have + Verb3. Been adalah verb3 dari be, jadi yang digunakan adalah been, bukan be.

3. After graduating, Michelle will found an English course. (ubah ke past future perfect tense)

a. After graduating, Michelle will have founded an English course.
b. After graduating, Michelle would have founded an English course.

Jawaban: B. Rumus yang digunakan adalah S + Would/should + Have + Verb3, jadi disini will tidak digunakan.

4. The geese swam in the river. (ubah ke present perfect continuous tense)

a. The geese have been swimming in the river.
b. The geese has been swimming in the river.

Jawaban: A. Rumus yang digunakan adalah S + Have/has + Been + Verb.ing. Dan subjek the geese menggunakan have.

5. Mathematics will be the most difficult subject. (ubah ke simple present tense)

a. Mathematics are the most difficult subject.
b. Mathematics is the most difficult subject.

Jawaban: B. Subjek mathematics (tunggal, walau terdapat akhiran s karena pada umumnya nama pelajaran terdapat tambahan s) dan tentu saja menggunakan is.

6. Change the direct speech into reported speech. Use ‘she said’ at the beginning of each answer. It’s the same day, so you don’t need to change the time expressions.

1) “I won’t see you tomorrow.”

Jawaban: She said that she wouldn’t see me tomorrow.

2) “We went out last night.”

Jawaban: She said that they had gone out last night.

3) “I’m coming!”

Jawaban: She said that she was coming.

4) “I was waiting for the bus when he arrived.”

Jawaban: She said that she had been waiting for the bus when he arrived.

5) “I’d never been there before.”

Jawaban: She said that she had never been there before.

6) “I didn’t go to the party.”

Jawaban: She said that she hadn’t gone to the party.

7) “Lucy will come later.”

Jawaban: She said that Lucy would come later.

8) “He hasn’t eaten breakfast.”

Jawaban: She said that he hadn’t eaten breakfast.

9) “I can help you tomorrow.”

Jawaban: She said that she could help me tomorrow.

10) “You should go to bed early.”

Jawaban: She said that I should go to bed early.

11) “I don’t like chocolate.”

Jawaban: She said that she didn’t like chocolate.

12) “He works in a store.”

Jawaban: She said that he worked in a store.

13) “She’s living in New York for a few months.”

Jawaban: She said that she was living in New York for a few months.

14) “I visited my parents at the weekend.”

Jawaban: She said that she had visited her parents at the weekend.

15) “She hasn’t eaten sushi before.”

Jawaban: She said that she hadn’t eaten sushi before.

16) “I hadn’t travelled by underground before I came to London.”

Jawaban: She said that she hadn’t travelled by underground before she came to London.

17) “They would help if they could.”

Jawaban: She said that they would help if they could.

18) “I’ll do the washing-up later.”

Jawaban: She said that she would do the washing-up later.

19) “He could read when he was three.”

Jawaban: She said that he could read when he was three.

20) “I was sleeping when Julie called.”

Jawaban: She said that she had been sleeping when Julie called.

7. Future Perfect Continuous Mixed Exercise
Make the future perfect continuous. Choose the positive, negative or question form.

1) She _________ (not / do) much work, so he’ll be happy to start a new project.

Jawaban: won’t have been doing

2) How long _________ (you / wait) when you finally get your exam results?

Jawaban: will you have been waiting

3) Julie _________ (not / eat) much, so we’ll need to make sure she has a good meal when she arrives.

Jawaban: won’t have been eating

4) How long _________ (she / plan) to move house when she finally moves?

Jawaban: will she have been planning

5) _________ (she / wait) long by the time we get there?

Jawaban: Will she have been waiting

6) _________ (he / play) computer games for ten hours when he finally stops?

Jawaban: Will he have been playing

7) They _________ (study) all day, so they’ll want to go out in the evening.

Jawaban: ‘ll have been studying

8) They _________ (not / stay) in the hotel for long when she arrives.

Jawaban: won’t have been staying

9) I _________ (not / walk) when I meet you â€“ I’ll have been cycling.

Jawaban: won’t have been walking

10) She _________ (play) squash, so she won’t be dressed up.

Jawaban: ‘ll have been playing

11) We _________ (look) at houses for four months next Tuesday.

Jawaban: ‘ll have been looking

12) We _________ (not / do)this project for long when the inspector arrives.

Jawaban: won’t have been doing

13) How long _________ (you / work) on this project when it is finished?

Jawaban: will you have been working

14) _________ (you / buy) clothes when I see you?

Jawaban: Will you have been buying

15) I _________ (work) all weekend so I won’t be energetic on Sunday night.

Jawaban: ‘ll have been working

16) How long _________ (the children / sleep) in the living room when their new bedroom is ready?

Jawaban: will the children have been sleeping

17) How long _________ (he / train) when he enters the competition?

Jawaban: will he have been training

18) _________ (you / take) exams the day we meet?

Jawaban: Will you have been taking

19) I _________ (answer) students’ questions all morning, so I’ll want a quiet lunch.

Jawaban: ‘ll have been answering\will have been answering

20) _________ (they / travel) for long when they arrive?

Jawaban: Will they have been travelling

8. Passive 5 (mixed tenses)
Change these active sentences to passive. Choose if you need the agent or not.

1) The Government is planning a new road near my house.

Jawaban: A new road is being planned near my house

2) My grandfather built this house in 1943.

Jawaban: This house was built in 1943 by my grandfather

3) Picasso was painting Guernica at that time.

Jawaban: Guernica was being painted at that time by Picasso

4) The cleaner has cleaned the office.

Jawaban: The office has been cleaned

5) He had written three books before 2019.

Jawaban: Three books had been written before 2019

6) Jessica will tell you later.

Jawaban: You will be told later by Jessica

7) By this time tomorrow we will have signed the deal.

Jawaban: By this time tomorrow the deal will have been signed

8) Somebody should do the work.

Jawaban: The work should be done

9) The traffic might have delayed Steven.

Jawaban: Steven might have been delayed by the traffic

10) People speak Portuguese in Brazil.

Jawaban: Portuguese is spoken in Brazil

11) Everybody loves Mr Brown.

Jawaban: Mr Brown is loved by everybody

12) They are building a new stadium near the station.

Jawaban: A new stadium is being built near the station

13) The wolf ate the princess.

Jawaban: The princess was eaten by the wolf

14) At seven o’clock someone was telling a story.

Jawaban: At seven o’clock a story was being told

15) Somebody has drunk all the milk!

Jawaban: All the milk has been drunk

16) I had cleaned all the windows before the storm.

Jawaban: All the windows had been cleaned before the storm

17) A workman will repair the computer tomorrow.

Jawaban: The computer will be repaired tomorrow

18) By next year the students will have studied the passive.

Jawaban: By next year the passive will have been studied by the students

19) Donna might cook dinner.

Jawaban: Dinner might be cooked by Donna

20) Somebody must have taken my wallet.

Jawaban: My wallet must have been taken

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Tenses Bahasa Inggris – Rumus, Penjelasan, Contoh Soal dan Jawaban