Tabel isotop lengkap ini adalah panduan visual untuk melihat nuklida dari berbagai unsur kimia berdasarkan jumlah proton dan neutronnya. Pada tabel, nomor atom Z bertambah dari kiri ke kanan, sedangkan jumlah neutron N bertambah dari atas ke bawah. Dengan pola ini, pembaca dapat membandingkan isotop stabil, isotop radioaktif, serta kecenderungan kestabilan inti dalam satu tampilan.
Tabel besar di bawah sebaiknya dibaca bersama penjelasan tentang nomor massa (A), nomor atom (Z), jumlah neutron (N), dan waktu paruh. Hubungannya adalah A = Z + N. Sebagai contoh, uranium-238 memiliki 92 proton dan 146 neutron.
Cara membaca tabel isotop
- Z (nomor atom) = jumlah proton; nilai inilah yang menentukan identitas unsur.
- N = jumlah neutron di dalam inti.
- A (nomor massa) = proton + neutron.
- Isotop stabil tidak teramati mengalami peluruhan radioaktif pada skala pengamatan yang relevan.
- Radioisotop meluruh menjadi nuklida lain dan memiliki waktu paruh tertentu.
- Warna pada tabel mengelompokkan nuklida menurut kisaran waktu paruh; legenda di setiap bagian membantu membacanya.
Untuk konteks unsur, buka juga tabel periodik PinterPandai. Beberapa contoh yang sudah memiliki artikel tersendiri adalah hidrogen, karbon, besi, dan uranium. Tautan unsur lain akan ditambahkan bertahap saat artikel terkait tersedia dan diperbarui.
Kata isotop, berarti di tempat yang sama, berasal dari fakta bahwa seluruh isotop dari sebuah unsur – unsur terletak di tempat yang sama dalam tabel periodik.
Secara bersama, isotop-isotop dari unsur-unsur membentuk suatu set nuklida. Sebuah nuklida adalah satu jenis tertentu nukleus atom, atau lebih umum sebuah aglomerasi proton dan neutron. Lebih tepat lagi untuk mengatakan bahwa sebuah unsur seperti fluorine terdiri dari satu nuklida stabil dan bukan dia memiliki satu isotop stabil.
Dalam nomenklatur (tata nama) ilmiah, isotop (nuklida) dispesifikasikan berdasarkan nama unsur tertentu oleh sebuah hyphen dan jumlah nukleon (proton dan neutron) dalam nukleus atom (misal, helium-3, karbon-12, karbon-14, besi-57, uranium-238). Dalam bentuk simbolik, jumlah nukleon ditandakan sebagai sebuah prefik naik-ke-atas terhadap simbol kimia (misal, 3He, 12C, 14C, 57Fe, 238U, dan lain-.lain).
Tabel Isotop untuk elemen 0-14
| 145Gd | < 1 day |
| 146Gd | 1–10 days |
| 149Gd | 10–100 days |
| 153Gd | 100 days–10 a |
| 148Gd | 10–10,000 a |
| 150Gd | 10 ka–103 Ma |
| 152Gd | > 700 Ma |
| 158Gd | Stable |
| Z → | 0 | 1 | 2 | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n ↓ | n | H | He | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||||
| 0 | 1H | Li | Be | B | 6 | |||||||||
| 1 | 1n | 2H | 3He | 4Li | 5Be | 6B | C | 7 | ||||||
| 2 | 3H | 4He | 5Li | 6Be | 7B | 8C | N | 8 | ||||||
| 3 | 4H | 5He | 6Li | 7Be | 8B | 9C | 10N | O | 9 | |||||
| 4 | 5H | 6He | 7Li | 8Be | 9B | 10C | 11N | 12O | F | 10 | 13 | |||
| 5 | 6H | 7He | 8Li | 9Be | 10B | 11C | 12N | 13O | 14F | Ne | 11 | 12 | Al | |
| 6 | 7H | 8He | 9Li | 10Be | 11B | 12C | 13N | 14O | 15F | 16Ne | Na | Mg | 19Al | 14 |
| 7 | 9He | 10Li | 11Be | 12B | 13C | 14N | 15O | 16F | 17Ne | 18Na | 19Mg | 20Al | Si | |
| 8 | 10He | 11Li | 12Be | 13B | 14C | 15N | 16O | 17F | 18Ne | 19Na | 20Mg | 21Al | 22Si | |
| 9 | 12Li | 13Be | 14B | 15C | 16N | 17O | 18F | 19Ne | 20Na | 21Mg | 22Al | 23Si | ||
| 10 | 14Be | 15B | 16C | 17N | 18O | 19F | 20Ne | 21Na | 22Mg | 23Al | 24Si | |||
| 11 | 15Be | 16B | 17C | 18N | 19O | 20F | 21Ne | 22Na | 23Mg | 24Al | 25Si | |||
| 12 | 16Be | 17B | 18C | 19N | 20O | 21F | 22Ne | 23Na | 24Mg | 25Al | 26Si | |||
| 13 | 19C | 20N | 21O | 22F | 23Ne | 24Na | 25Mg | 26Al | 27Si | |||||
| 14 | 20C | 21N | 22O | 23F | 24Ne | 25Na | 26Mg | 27Al | 28Si | |||||
| 15 | 22N | 23O | 24F | 25Ne | 26Na | 27Mg | 28Al | 29Si | ||||||
| 16 | 24O | 25F | 26Ne | 27Na | 28Mg | 29Al | 30Si | |||||||
| 17 | 26F | 27Ne | 28Na | 29Mg | 30Al | 31Si | ||||||||
| 18 | 27F | 28Ne | 29Na | 30Mg | 31Al | 32Si | ||||||||
| 19 | 28F | 29Ne | 30Na | 31Mg | 32Al | 33Si | ||||||||
| 20 | 29F | 30Ne | 31Na | 32Mg | 33Al | 34Si | ||||||||
| 21 | 30F | 31Ne | 32Na | 33Mg | 34Al | 35Si | ||||||||
| 22 | 31F | 32Ne | 33Na | 34Mg | 35Al | 36Si | ||||||||
| 23 | 33Ne | 34Na | 35Mg | 36Al | 37Si | |||||||||
| 24 | 34Ne | 35Na | 36Mg | 37Al | 38Si | |||||||||
| 25 | 36Na | 37Mg | 38Al | 39Si | ||||||||||
| 26 | 37Na | 38Mg | 39Al | 40Si | ||||||||||
| 27 | 39Mg | 40Al | 41Si | |||||||||||
| 28 | 40Mg | 41Al | 42Si | |||||||||||
| 29 | 42Al | 43Si | ||||||||||||
| 30 | 44Si | |||||||||||||
| 31 |
Tabel Isotop untuk elemen 15-29
| 145Gd | < 1 day |
| 146Gd | 1–10 days |
| 149Gd | 10–100 days |
| 153Gd | 100 days–10 a |
| 148Gd | 10–10,000 a |
| 150Gd | 10 ka–103 Ma |
| 152Gd | > 700 Ma |
| 158Gd | Stable |
| Z → | 15 | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n ↓ | P | 16 | |||||||||||||
| 9 | 24P | S | 17 | ||||||||||||
| 10 | 25P | 26S | Cl | 18 | |||||||||||
| 11 | 26P | 27S | 28Cl | Ar | 19 | ||||||||||
| 12 | 27P | 28S | 29Cl | 30Ar | K | 20 | |||||||||
| 13 | 28P | 29S | 30Cl | 31Ar | 32K | Ca | |||||||||
| 14 | 29P | 30S | 31Cl | 32Ar | 33K | 34Ca | 21 | 22 | |||||||
| 15 | 30P | 31S | 32Cl | 33Ar | 34K | 35Ca | Sc | Ti | 23 | ||||||
| 16 | 31P | 32S | 33Cl | 34Ar | 35K | 36Ca | 37Sc | 38Ti | V | 24 | |||||
| 17 | 32P | 33S | 34Cl | 35Ar | 36K | 37Ca | 38Sc | 39Ti | 40V | Cr | 25 | 26 | |||
| 18 | 33P | 34S | 35Cl | 36Ar | 37K | 38Ca | 39Sc | 40Ti | 41V | 42Cr | Mn | Fe | 27 | 28 | |
| 19 | 34P | 35S | 36Cl | 37Ar | 38K | 39Ca | 40Sc | 41Ti | 42V | 43Cr | 44Mn | 45Fe | Co | Ni | |
| 20 | 35P | 36S | 37Cl | 38Ar | 39K | 40Ca | 41Sc | 42Ti | 43V | 44Cr | 45Mn | 46Fe | 47Co | 48Ni | |
| 21 | 36P | 37S | 38Cl | 39Ar | 40K | 41Ca | 42Sc | 43Ti | 44V | 45Cr | 46Mn | 47Fe | 48Co | 49Ni | 29 |
| 22 | 37P | 38S | 39Cl | 40Ar | 41K | 42Ca | 43Sc | 44Ti | 45V | 46Cr | 47Mn | 48Fe | 49Co | 50Ni | Cu |
| 23 | 38P | 39S | 40Cl | 41Ar | 42K | 43Ca | 44Sc | 45Ti | 46V | 47Cr | 48Mn | 49Fe | 50Co | 51Ni | 52Cu |
| 24 | 39P | 40S | 41Cl | 42Ar | 43K | 44Ca | 45Sc | 46Ti | 47V | 48Cr | 49Mn | 50Fe | 51Co | 52Ni | 53Cu |
| 25 | 40P | 41S | 42Cl | 43Ar | 44K | 45Ca | 46Sc | 47Ti | 48V | 49Cr | 50Mn | 51Fe | 52Co | 53Ni | 54Cu |
| 26 | 41P | 42S | 43Cl | 44Ar | 45K | 46Ca | 47Sc | 48Ti | 49V | 50Cr | 51Mn | 52Fe | 53Co | 54Ni | 55Cu |
| 27 | 42P | 43S | 44Cl | 45Ar | 46K | 47Ca | 48Sc | 49Ti | 50V | 51Cr | 52Mn | 53Fe | 54Co | 55Ni | 56Cu |
| 28 | 43P | 44S | 45Cl | 46Ar | 47K | 48Ca | 49Sc | 50Ti | 51V | 52Cr | 53Mn | 54Fe | 55Co | 56Ni | 57Cu |
| 29 | 44P | 45S | 46Cl | 47Ar | 48K | 49Ca | 50Sc | 51Ti | 52V | 53Cr | 54Mn | 55Fe | 56Co | 57Ni | 58Cu |
| 30 | 45P | 46S | 47Cl | 48Ar | 49K | 50Ca | 51Sc | 52Ti | 53V | 54Cr | 55Mn | 56Fe | 57Co | 58Ni | 59Cu |
| 31 | 46P | 47S | 48Cl | 49Ar | 50K | 51Ca | 52Sc | 53Ti | 54V | 55Cr | 56Mn | 57Fe | 58Co | 59Ni | 60Cu |
| 32 | 48S | 49Cl | 50Ar | 51K | 52Ca | 53Sc | 54Ti | 55V | 56Cr | 57Mn | 58Fe | 59Co | 60Ni | 61Cu | |
| 33 | 49S | 50Cl | 51Ar | 52K | 53Ca | 54Sc | 55Ti | 56V | 57Cr | 58Mn | 59Fe | 60Co | 61Ni | 62Cu | |
| 34 | 51Cl | 52Ar | 53K | 54Ca | 55Sc | 56Ti | 57V | 58Cr | 59Mn | 60Fe | 61Co | 62Ni | 63Cu | ||
| 35 | 53Ar | 54K | 55Ca | 56Sc | 57Ti | 58V | 59Cr | 60Mn | 61Fe | 62Co | 63Ni | 64Cu | |||
| 36 | 55K | 56Ca | 57Sc | 58Ti | 59V | 60Cr | 61Mn | 62Fe | 63Co | 64Ni | 65Cu | ||||
| 37 | 56K | 57Ca | 58Sc | 59Ti | 60V | 61Cr | 62Mn | 63Fe | 64Co | 65Ni | 66Cu | ||||
| 38 | 59Sc | 60Ti | 61V | 62Cr | 63Mn | 64Fe | 65Co | 66Ni | 67Cu | ||||||
| 39 | 60Sc | 61Ti | 62V | 63Cr | 64Mn | 65Fe | 66Co | 67Ni | 68Cu | ||||||
| 40 | 62Ti | 63V | 64Cr | 65Mn | 66Fe | 67Co | 68Ni | 69Cu | |||||||
| 41 | 63Ti | 64V | 65Cr | 66Mn | 67Fe | 68Co | 69Ni | 70Cu | |||||||
| 42 | 65V | 66Cr | 67Mn | 68Fe | 69Co | 70Ni | 71Cu | ||||||||
| 43 | 67Cr | 68Mn | 69Fe | 70Co | 71Ni | 72Cu | |||||||||
| 44 | 69Mn | 70Fe | 71Co | 72Ni | 73Cu | ||||||||||
| 45 | 71Fe | 72Co | 73Ni | 74Cu | |||||||||||
| 46 | 72Fe | 73Co | 74Ni | 75Cu | |||||||||||
| 47 | 74Co | 75Ni | 76Cu | ||||||||||||
| 48 | 75Co | 76Ni | 77Cu | ||||||||||||
| 49 | 77Ni | 78Cu | |||||||||||||
| 50 | 78Ni | 79Cu | |||||||||||||
| 51 | 80Cu | ||||||||||||||
| 52 | |||||||||||||||
| 53 |
Tabel Isotop untuk elemen 30-44
| 145Gd | < 1 day |
| 146Gd | 1–10 days |
| 149Gd | 10–100 days |
| 153Gd | 100 days–10 a |
| 148Gd | 10–10,000 a |
| 150Gd | 10 ka–103 Ma |
| 152Gd | > 700 Ma |
| 158Gd | Stable |
| Z → | 30 | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n ↓ | Zn | 31 | |||||||||||||
| 24 | 54Zn | Ga | 32 | ||||||||||||
| 25 | 55Zn | 56Ga | Ge | 33 | |||||||||||
| 26 | 56Zn | 57Ga | 58Ge | As | |||||||||||
| 27 | 57Zn | 58Ga | 59Ge | 60As | |||||||||||
| 28 | 58Zn | 59Ga | 60Ge | 61As | |||||||||||
| 29 | 59Zn | 60Ga | 61Ge | 62As | 34 | 35 | |||||||||
| 30 | 60Zn | 61Ga | 62Ge | 63As | Se | Br | |||||||||
| 31 | 61Zn | 62Ga | 63Ge | 64As | 65Se | 66Br | 36 | ||||||||
| 32 | 62Zn | 63Ga | 64Ge | 65As | 66Se | 67Br | Kr | 37 | |||||||
| 33 | 63Zn | 64Ga | 65Ge | 66As | 67Se | 68Br | 69Kr | Rb | |||||||
| 34 | 64Zn | 65Ga | 66Ge | 67As | 68Se | 69Br | 70Kr | 71Rb | |||||||
| 35 | 65Zn | 66Ga | 67Ge | 68As | 69Se | 70Br | 71Kr | 72Rb | |||||||
| 36 | 66Zn | 67Ga | 68Ge | 69As | 70Se | 71Br | 72Kr | 73Rb | |||||||
| 37 | 67Zn | 68Ga | 69Ge | 70As | 71Se | 72Br | 73Kr | 74Rb | |||||||
| 38 | 68Zn | 69Ga | 70Ge | 71As | 72Se | 73Br | 74Kr | 75Rb | |||||||
| 39 | 69Zn | 70Ga | 71Ge | 72As | 73Se | 74Br | 75Kr | 76Rb | |||||||
| 40 | 70Zn | 71Ga | 72Ge | 73As | 74Se | 75Br | 76Kr | 77Rb | 38 | ||||||
| 41 | 71Zn | 72Ga | 73Ge | 74As | 75Se | 76Br | 77Kr | 78Rb | Sr | 39 | |||||
| 42 | 72Zn | 73Ga | 74Ge | 75As | 76Se | 77Br | 78Kr | 79Rb | 80Sr | Y | 40 | ||||
| 43 | 73Zn | 74Ga | 75Ge | 76As | 77Se | 78Br | 79Kr | 80Rb | 81Sr | 82Y | Zr | 41 | |||
| 44 | 74Zn | 75Ga | 76Ge | 77As | 78Se | 79Br | 80Kr | 81Rb | 82Sr | 83Y | 84Zr | Nb | 42 | ||
| 45 | 75Zn | 76Ga | 77Ge | 78As | 79Se | 80Br | 81Kr | 82Rb | 83Sr | 84Y | 85Zr | 86Nb | Mo | 43 | |
| 46 | 76Zn | 77Ga | 78Ge | 79As | 80Se | 81Br | 82Kr | 83Rb | 84Sr | 85Y | 86Zr | 87Nb | 88Mo | Tc | 44 |
| 47 | 77Zn | 78Ga | 79Ge | 80As | 81Se | 82Br | 83Kr | 84Rb | 85Sr | 86Y | 87Zr | 88Nb | 89Mo | 90Tc | Ru |
| 48 | 78Zn | 79Ga | 80Ge | 81As | 82Se | 83Br | 84Kr | 85Rb | 86Sr | 87Y | 88Zr | 89Nb | 90Mo | 91Tc | 92Ru |
| 49 | 79Zn | 80Ga | 81Ge | 82As | 83Se | 84Br | 85Kr | 86Rb | 87Sr | 88Y | 89Zr | 90Nb | 91Mo | 92Tc | 93Ru |
| 50 | 80Zn | 81Ga | 82Ge | 83As | 84Se | 85Br | 86Kr | 87Rb | 88Sr | 89Y | 90Zr | 91Nb | 92Mo | 93Tc | 94Ru |
| 51 | 81Zn | 82Ga | 83Ge | 84As | 85Se | 86Br | 87Kr | 88Rb | 89Sr | 90Y | 91Zr | 92Nb | 93Mo | 94Tc | 95Ru |
| 52 | 82Zn | 83Ga | 84Ge | 85As | 86Se | 87Br | 88Kr | 89Rb | 90Sr | 91Y | 92Zr | 93Nb | 94Mo | 95Tc | 96Ru |
| 53 | 83Zn | 84Ga | 85Ge | 86As | 87Se | 88Br | 89Kr | 90Rb | 91Sr | 92Y | 93Zr | 94Nb | 95Mo | 96Tc | 97Ru |
| 54 | 85Ga | 86Ge | 87As | 88Se | 89Br | 90Kr | 91Rb | 92Sr | 93Y | 94Zr | 95Nb | 96Mo | 97Tc | 98Ru | |
| 55 | 86Ga | 87Ge | 88As | 89Se | 90Br | 91Kr | 92Rb | 93Sr | 94Y | 95Zr | 96Nb | 97Mo | 98Tc | 99Ru | |
| 56 | 88Ge | 89As | 90Se | 91Br | 92Kr | 93Rb | 95Y | 96Zr | 97Nb | 98Mo | 99Tc | 100Ru | |||
| 57 | 89Ge | 90As | 91Se | 92Br | 93Kr | 94Rb | 96Y | 97Zr | 98Nb | 99Mo | 100Tc | 101Ru | |||
| 58 | 91As | 92Se | 93Br | 94Kr | 95Rb | 97Y | 98Zr | 99Nb | 100Mo | 101Tc | 102Ru | ||||
| 59 | 92As | 93Se | 94Br | 95Kr | 96Rb | 98Y | 99Zr | 100Nb | 101Mo | 102Tc | 103Ru | ||||
| 60 | 94Se | 95Br | 96Kr | 97Rb | 99Y | 100Zr | 101Nb | 102Mo | 103Tc | 104Ru | |||||
| 61 | 96Br | 97Kr | 98Rb | 100Y | 101Zr | 102Nb | 103Mo | 104Tc | 105Ru | ||||||
| 62 | 97Br | 98Kr | 99Rb | 102Zr | 103Nb | 104Mo | 105Tc | 106Ru | |||||||
| 63 | 99Kr | 100Rb | 104Nb | 105Mo | 106Tc | 107Ru | |||||||||
| 64 | 100Kr | 101Rb | 106Mo | 107Tc | 108Ru | ||||||||||
| 65 | 101Kr | 102Rb | 108Tc | 109Ru | |||||||||||
| 66 | 110Ru |
Isotopes untuk elemen 45-59
| 145Gd | < 1 day |
| 146Gd | 1–10 days |
| 149Gd | 10–100 days |
| 153Gd | 100 days–10 a |
| 148Gd | 10–10,000 a |
| 150Gd | 10 ka–103 Ma |
| 152Gd | > 700 Ma |
| 158Gd | Stable |
| Z → | 45 | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n ↓ | Rh | 46 | |||||||||||
| 49 | Pd | 47 | |||||||||||
| 50 | 95Rh | Ag | 48 | ||||||||||
| 51 | 96Rh | 97Pd | Cd | ||||||||||
| 52 | 97Rh | 98Pd | 99Ag | 100Cd | 49 | ||||||||
| 53 | 98Rh | 99Pd | 100Ag | 101Cd | In | 50 | |||||||
| 54 | 99Rh | 100Pd | 101Ag | 102Cd | Sn | 51 | |||||||
| 55 | 100Rh | 101Pd | 102Ag | 103Cd | 104In | Sb | 52 | ||||||
| 56 | 101Rh | 102Pd | 103Ag | 104Cd | Te | 53 | |||||||
| 57 | 102Rh | 103Pd | 104Ag | 105Cd | 106In | 107Sn | 109Te | I | 54 | ||||
| 58 | 103Rh | 104Pd | 105Ag | 106Cd | 107In | 108Sn | Xe | 55 | |||||
| 59 | 104Rh | 105Pd | 106Ag | 107Cd | 108In | 109Sn | 110Sb | 111Te | 113Xe | Cs | |||
| 60 | 105Rh | 106Pd | 107Ag | 108Cd | 109In | 110Sn | 111Sb | 112Te | 56 | ||||
| 61 | 106Rh | 107Pd | 108Ag | 109Cd | 110In | 111Sn | 112Sb | 113Te | 115Xe | 116Cs | Ba | ||
| 62 | 107Rh | 108Pd | 109Ag | 110Cd | 111In | 112Sn | 113Sb | 114Te | 115I | 116Xe | 117Cs | ||
| 63 | 108Rh | 109Pd | 110Ag | 111Cd | 112In | 113Sn | 114Sb | 115Te | 116I | 117Xe | 118Cs | 119Ba | 57 |
| 64 | 109Rh | 110Pd | 111Ag | 112Cd | 113In | 114Sn | 115Sb | 116Te | 117I | 118Xe | 119Cs | La | |
| 65 | 110Rh | 111Pd | 112Ag | 113Cd | 114In | 115Sn | 116Sb | 117Te | 118I | 119Xe | 120Cs | 121Ba | |
| 66 | 111Rh | 112Pd | 113Ag | 114Cd | 115In | 116Sn | 117Sb | 118Te | 119I | 120Xe | 121Cs | 122Ba | |
| 67 | 112Rh | 113Pd | 114Ag | 115Cd | 116In | 117Sn | 118Sb | 119Te | 120I | 121Xe | 122Cs | 123Ba | 58 |
| 68 | 114Pd | 115Ag | 116Cd | 117In | 118Sn | 119Sb | 120Te | 121I | 122Xe | 123Cs | 124Ba | 125La | Ce |
| 69 | 116Ag | 117Cd | 118In | 119Sn | 120Sb | 121Te | 122I | 123Xe | 124Cs | 125Ba | 126La | ||
| 70 | 117Ag | 118Cd | 119In | 120Sn | 121Sb | 122Te | 123I | 124Xe | 125Cs | 126Ba | 127La | 59 | |
| 71 | 118Ag | 119Cd | 120In | 121Sn | 122Sb | 123Te | 124I | 125Xe | 126Cs | 127Ba | 128La | 129Ce | Pr |
| 72 | 119Ag | 120Cd | 121In | 122Sn | 123Sb | 124Te | 125I | 126Xe | 127Cs | 128Ba | 129La | 130Ce | |
| 73 | 120Ag | 121Cd | 122In | 123Sn | 124Sb | 125Te | 126I | 127Xe | 128Cs | 129Ba | 130La | 131Ce | 132Pr |
| 74 | 121Ag | 122Cd | 123In | 124Sn | 125Sb | 126Te | 127I | 128Xe | 129Cs | 130Ba | 131La | 132Ce | 133Pr |
| 75 | 122Ag | 123Cd | 124In | 125Sn | 126Sb | 127Te | 128I | 129Xe | 130Cs | 131Ba | 132La | 133Ce | 134Pr |
| 76 | 123Ag | 124Cd | 125In | 126Sn | 127Sb | 128Te | 129I | 130Xe | 131Cs | 132Ba | 133La | 134Ce | 135Pr |
| 77 | 125Cd | 126In | 127Sn | 128Sb | 129Te | 130I | 131Xe | 132Cs | 133Ba | 134La | 135Ce | 136Pr | |
| 78 | 127In | 128Sn | 129Sb | 130Te | 131I | 132Xe | 133Cs | 134Ba | 135La | 136Ce | 137Pr | ||
| 79 | 129Sn | 130Sb | 131Te | 132I | 133Xe | 134Cs | 135Ba | 136La | 137Ce | 138Pr | |||
| 80 | 130Sn | 131Sb | 132Te | 133I | 134Xe | 135Cs | 136Ba | 137La | 138Ce | 139Pr | |||
| 81 | 131Sn | 132Sb | 133Te | 134I | 135Xe | 136Cs | 137Ba | 138La | 139Ce | 140Pr | |||
| 82 | 132Sn | 133Sb | 134Te | 135I | 136Xe | 137Cs | 138Ba | 139La | 140Ce | 141Pr | |||
| 83 | 133Sn | 134Sb | 135Te | 136I | 137Xe | 138Cs | 139Ba | 140La | 141Ce | 142Pr | |||
| 84 | 134Sn | 135Sb | 136Te | 137I | 138Xe | 139Cs | 140Ba | 141La | 142Ce | 143Pr | |||
| 85 | 136Sb | 137Te | 138I | 139Xe | 140Cs | 141Ba | 142La | 143Ce | 144Pr | ||||
| 86 | 138Te | 139I | 140Xe | 141Cs | 142Ba | 143La | 144Ce | 145Pr | |||||
| 87 | 140I | 141Xe | 142Cs | 143Ba | 144La | 145Ce | 146Pr | ||||||
| 88 | 142Xe | 143Cs | 144Ba | 145La | 146Ce | 147Pr | |||||||
| 89 | 144Cs | 145Ba | 146La | 147Ce | 148Pr | ||||||||
| 90 | 146Ba | 147La | 148Ce | 149Pr | |||||||||
| 91 | 148La | 149Ce | 150Pr | ||||||||||
| 92 | 150Ce | 151Pr |
Isotopes for elements 60-74
| 145Gd | < 1 day |
| 146Gd | 1–10 days |
| 149Gd | 10–100 days |
| 153Gd | 100 days–10 a |
| 148Gd | 10–10,000 a |
| 150Gd | 10 ka–103 Ma |
| 152Gd | > 700 Ma |
| 158Gd | Stable |
| Z → | 60 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n ↓ | Nd | |||||||||||||
| 73 | 61 | 62 | 63 | |||||||||||
| 74 | 134Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | ||||||||||
| 75 | 135Nd | 137Sm | 64 | |||||||||||
| 76 | 136Nd | 137Pm | 138Sm | 139Eu | Gd | |||||||||
| 77 | 137Nd | 138Pm | 139Sm | 140Eu | ||||||||||
| 78 | 138Nd | 139Pm | 140Sm | 141Eu | 142Gd | |||||||||
| 79 | 139Nd | 140Pm | 141Sm | 142Eu | 143Gd | 65 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | ||||
| 80 | 140Nd | 141Pm | 142Sm | 143Eu | 144Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | 70 | |||
| 81 | 141Nd | 142Pm | 143Sm | 144Eu | 145Gd | 146Tb | 147Dy | Yb | 71 | |||||
| 82 | 142Nd | 143Pm | 144Sm | 145Eu | 146Gd | 147Tb | 148Dy | 150Er | 151Tm | Lu | ||||
| 83 | 143Nd | 144Pm | 145Sm | 146Eu | 147Gd | 148Tb | 149Dy | 150Ho | 151Er | |||||
| 84 | 144Nd | 145Pm | 146Sm | 147Eu | 148Gd | 149Tb | 150Dy | 151Ho | 152Er | 153Tm | 154Yb | 155Lu | ||
| 85 | 145Nd | 146Pm | 147Sm | 148Eu | 149Gd | 150Tb | 151Dy | 152Ho | 153Er | 154Tm | 155Yb | 156Lu | ||
| 86 | 146Nd | 147Pm | 148Sm | 149Eu | 150Gd | 151Tb | 152Dy | 153Ho | 154Er | 155Tm | 156Yb | |||
| 87 | 147Nd | 148Pm | 149Sm | 150Eu | 151Gd | 152Tb | 153Dy | 154Ho | 155Er | 156Tm | 157Yb | |||
| 88 | 148Nd | 149Pm | 150Sm | 151Eu | 152Gd | 153Tb | 154Dy | 155Ho | 156Er | 157Tm | 158Yb | |||
| 89 | 149Nd | 150Pm | 151Sm | 152Eu | 153Gd | 154Tb | 155Dy | 156Ho | 157Er | 158Tm | ||||
| 90 | 150Nd | 151Pm | 152Sm | 153Eu | 154Gd | 155Tb | 156Dy | 157Ho | 158Er | 159Tm | 160Yb | 161Lu | ||
| 91 | 151Nd | 152Pm | 153Sm | 154Eu | 155Gd | 156Tb | 157Dy | 158Ho | 159Er | 160Tm | 161Yb | 162Lu | ||
| 92 | 152Nd | 153Pm | 154Sm | 155Eu | 156Gd | 157Tb | 158Dy | 159Ho | 160Er | 161Tm | 162Yb | |||
| 93 | 154Pm | 155Sm | 156Eu | 157Gd | 158Tb | 159Dy | 160Ho | 161Er | 162Tm | 163Yb | 164Lu | |||
| 94 | 154Nd | 156Sm | 157Eu | 158Gd | 159Tb | 160Dy | 161Ho | 162Er | 163Tm | 164Yb | 165Lu | 72 | 73 | 74 |
| 95 | 157Sm | 158Eu | 159Gd | 160Tb | 161Dy | 162Ho | 163Er | 164Tm | 165Yb | 166Lu | Hf | Ta | W | |
| 96 | 159Eu | 160Gd | 161Tb | 162Dy | 163Ho | 164Er | 165Tm | 166Yb | 167Lu | 168Hf | 169Ta | 170W | ||
| 97 | 160Eu | 161Gd | 162Tb | 163Dy | 164Ho | 165Er | 166Tm | 167Yb | 168Lu | 169Hf | 170Ta | 171W | ||
| 98 | 162Gd | 163Tb | 164Dy | 165Ho | 166Er | 167Tm | 168Yb | 169Lu | 170Hf | 171Ta | 172W | |||
| 99 | 164Tb | 165Dy | 166Ho | 167Er | 168Tm | 169Yb | 170Lu | 171Hf | 172Ta | 173W | ||||
| 100 | 166Dy | 167Ho | 168Er | 169Tm | 170Yb | 171Lu | 172Hf | 173Ta | 174W | |||||
| 101 | 167Dy | 168Ho | 169Er | 170Tm | 171Yb | 172Lu | 173Hf | 174Ta | 175W | |||||
| 102 | 169Ho | 170Er | 171Tm | 172Yb | 173Lu | 174Hf | 175Ta | 176W | ||||||
| 103 | 170Ho | 171Er | 172Tm | 173Yb | 174Lu | 175Hf | 176Ta | 177W | ||||||
| 104 | 172Er | 173Tm | 174Yb | 175Lu | 176Hf | 177Ta | 178W | |||||||
| 105 | 173Er | 174Tm | 175Yb | 176Lu | 177Hf | 178Ta | 179W | |||||||
| 106 | 175Tm | 176Yb | 177Lu | 178Hf | 179Ta | 180W | ||||||||
| 107 | 176Tm | 177Yb | 178Lu | 179Hf | 180Ta | 181W | ||||||||
| 108 | 178Yb | 179Lu | 180Hf | 181Ta | 182W | |||||||||
| 109 | 180Lu | 181Hf | 182Ta | 183W | ||||||||||
| 110 | 182Hf | 183Ta | 184W | |||||||||||
| 111 | 183Hf | 184Ta | 185W | |||||||||||
| 112 | 184Hf | 185Ta | 186W | |||||||||||
| 113 | 185Hf | 186Ta | 187W | |||||||||||
| 114 | 188W | |||||||||||||
| 115 | 189W | |||||||||||||
| 116 | 190W |
Tabel Isotop untuk elemen 75-89
| 145Gd | < 1 day |
| 146Gd | 1–10 days |
| 149Gd | 10–100 days |
| 153Gd | 100 days–10 a |
| 148Gd | 10–10,000 a |
| 150Gd | 10 ka–103 Ma |
| 152Gd | > 700 Ma |
| 158Gd | Stable |
| Z → | 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n ↓ | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | |||||
| 96 | 172Os | 171Ir | 174Pt | 175Au | |||||||
| 97 | 172Re | 173Os | 174Ir | 175Pt | 176Au | 177Hg | |||||
| 98 | 174Os | 175Ir | 176Pt | 177Au | 178Hg | ||||||
| 99 | 174Re | 175Os | 176Ir | 177Pt | 178Au | 179Hg | 81 | ||||
| 100 | 175Re | 176Os | 177Ir | 178Pt | 179Au | 180Hg | Tl | 82 | |||
| 101 | 176Re | 177Os | 178Ir | 179Pt | 181Hg | Pb | |||||
| 102 | 177Re | 178Os | 179Ir | 180Pt | 181Au | 182Hg | |||||
| 103 | 178Re | 179Os | 180Ir | 181Pt | 182Au | 183Hg | 184Tl | 185Pb | 83 | ||
| 104 | 179Re | 180Os | 181Ir | 182Pt | 183Au | 184Hg | 185Tl | 186Pb | Bi | ||
| 105 | 180Re | 181Os | 182Ir | 183Pt | 184Au | 185Hg | 186Tl | 187Pb | 84 | ||
| 106 | 181Re | 182Os | 183Ir | 184Pt | 185Au | 186Hg | 187Tl | 188Pb | 189Bi | Po | 85 |
| 107 | 182Re | 183Os | 184Ir | 185Pt | 186Au | 187Hg | 188Tl | 189Pb | 190Bi | At | |
| 108 | 183Re | 184Os | 185Ir | 186Pt | 187Au | 188Hg | 189Tl | 190Pb | 191Bi | ||
| 109 | 184Re | 185Os | 186Ir | 187Pt | 188Au | 189Hg | 190Tl | 191Pb | 192Bi | 193Po | 194At |
| 110 | 185Re | 186Os | 187Ir | 188Pt | 189Au | 190Hg | 191Tl | 192Pb | 193Bi | 194Po | 195At |
| 111 | 186Re | 187Os | 188Ir | 189Pt | 190Au | 191Hg | 192Tl | 193Pb | 194Bi | 195Po | 196At |
| 112 | 187Re | 188Os | 189Ir | 190Pt | 191Au | 192Hg | 193Tl | 194Pb | 195Bi | 196Po | 197At |
| 113 | 188Re | 189Os | 190Ir | 191Pt | 192Au | 193Hg | 194Tl | 195Pb | 196Bi | 197Po | 198At |
| 114 | 189Re | 190Os | 191Ir | 192Pt | 193Au | 194Hg | 195Tl | 196Pb | 197Bi | 198Po | 199At |
| 115 | 190Re | 191Os | 192Ir | 193Pt | 194Au | 195Hg | 196Tl | 197Pb | 198Bi | 199Po | 200At |
| 116 | 191Re | 192Os | 193Ir | 194Pt | 195Au | 196Hg | 197Tl | 198Pb | 199Bi | 200Po | 201At |
| 117 | 192Re | 193Os | 194Ir | 195Pt | 196Au | 197Hg | 198Tl | 199Pb | 200Bi | 201Po | 202At |
| 118 | 194Os | 195Ir | 196Pt | 197Au | 198Hg | 199Tl | 200Pb | 201Bi | 202Po | 203At | |
| 119 | 195Os | 196Ir | 197Pt | 198Au | 199Hg | 200Tl | 201Pb | 202Bi | 203Po | 204At | |
| 120 | 196Os | 197Ir | 198Pt | 199Au | 200Hg | 201Tl | 202Pb | 203Bi | 204Po | 205At | |
| 121 | 198Ir | 199Pt | 200Au | 201Hg | 202Tl | 203Pb | 204Bi | 205Po | 206At | ||
| 122 | 200Pt | 201Au | 202Hg | 203Tl | 204Pb | 205Bi | 206Po | 207At | |||
| 123 | 201Pt | 202Au | 203Hg | 204Tl | 205Pb | 206Bi | 207Po | 208At | |||
| 124 | 203Au | 204Hg | 205Tl | 206Pb | 207Bi | 208Po | 209At | ||||
| 125 | 204Au | 205Hg | 206Tl | 207Pb | 208Bi | 209Po | 210At | 86 | |||
| 126 | 206Hg | 207Tl | 208Pb | 209Bi | 210Po | 211At | Rn | 87 | |||
| 127 | 208Tl | 209Pb | 210Bi | 211Po | 212At | 213Rn | Fr | 88 | |||
| 128 | 209Tl | 210Pb | 211Bi | 212Po | 213At | 214Rn | 215Fr | Ra | 89 | ||
| 129 | 210Tl | 211Pb | 212Bi | 213Po | 214At | 215Rn | 216Fr | 217Ra | Ac | ||
| 130 | 212Pb | 213Bi | 214Po | 215At | 216Rn | 217Fr | 218Ra | 219Ac | |||
| 131 | 213Pb | 214Bi | 215Po | 216At | 217Rn | 218Fr | 219Ra | 220Ac | |||
| 132 | 214Pb | 215Bi | 216Po | 217At | 218Rn | 219Fr | 220Ra | 221Ac | |||
| 133 | 217Po | 218At | 219Rn | 220Fr | 221Ra | 222Ac | |||||
| 134 | 218Po | 219At | 220Rn | 221Fr | 222Ra | 223Ac | |||||
| 135 | 220At | 221Rn | 222Fr | 223Ra | 224Ac | ||||||
| 136 | 221At | 222Rn | 223Fr | 224Ra | 225Ac | ||||||
| 137 | 223Rn | 224Fr | 225Ra | 226Ac | |||||||
| 138 | 224Rn | 225Fr | 226Ra | 227Ac | |||||||
| 139 | 225Rn | 226Fr | 227Ra | 228Ac | |||||||
| 140 | 226Rn | 227Fr | 228Ra | 229Ac | |||||||
| 141 | 228Fr | 229Ra | 230Ac | ||||||||
| 142 | 229Fr | 230Ra | 231Ac | ||||||||
| 143 | 232Ac |
Tabel Isotop untuk elemen 90-104
| 145Gd | < 1 day |
| 146Gd | 1–10 days |
| 149Gd | 10–100 days |
| 153Gd | 100 days–10 a |
| 148Gd | 10–10,000 a |
| 150Gd | 10 ka–103 Ma |
| 152Gd | > 700 Ma |
| 158Gd | Stable |
| Z → | 90 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n ↓ | Th | 91 | ||||||||||||
| 131 | 221Th | Pa | 92 | |||||||||||
| 132 | 222Th | 223Pa | U | 93 | ||||||||||
| 133 | 223Th | 224Pa | Np | 94 | ||||||||||
| 134 | 224Th | 225Pa | 226U | Pu | 95 | |||||||||
| 135 | 225Th | 226Pa | 227U | 228Np | Am | |||||||||
| 136 | 226Th | 227Pa | 228U | 229Np | 96 | |||||||||
| 137 | 227Th | 228Pa | 229U | 230Np | 232Am | Cm | 97 | |||||||
| 138 | 228Th | 229Pa | 230U | 231Np | 232Pu | 233Am | Bk | |||||||
| 139 | 229Th | 230Pa | 231U | 232Np | 233Pu | 234Am | 236Bk | 98 | 99 | 100 | ||||
| 140 | 230Th | 231Pa | 232U | 233Np | 234Pu | 235Am | 236Cm | Cf | Es | Fm | ||||
| 141 | 231Th | 232Pa | 233U | 234Np | 235Pu | 236Am | 237Cm | 240Es | 241Fm | |||||
| 142 | 232Th | 233Pa | 234U | 235Np | 236Pu | 237Am | 238Cm | 239Bk | 240Cf | 241Es | 242Fm | |||
| 143 | 233Th | 234Pa | 235U | 236Np | 237Pu | 238Am | 239Cm | 240Bk | 241Cf | 242Es | 243Fm | |||
| 144 | 234Th | 235Pa | 236U | 237Np | 238Pu | 239Am | 240Cm | 241Bk | 242Cf | 243Es | 244Fm | 101 | ||
| 145 | 235Th | 236Pa | 237U | 238Np | 239Pu | 240Am | 241Cm | 242Bk | 243Cf | 244Es | 245Fm | Md | 102 | |
| 146 | 236Th | 237Pa | 238U | 239Np | 240Pu | 241Am | 242Cm | 243Bk | 244Cf | 245Es | 246Fm | No | 103 | 104 |
| 147 | 237Th | 238Pa | 239U | 240Np | 241Pu | 242Am | 243Cm | 244Bk | 245Cf | 246Es | 247Fm | 248Md | Lr | Rf |
| 148 | 238Th | 239Pa | 240U | 241Np | 242Pu | 243Am | 244Cm | 245Bk | 246Cf | 247Es | 248Fm | 249Md | 250No | |
| 149 | 240Pa | 241U | 242Np | 243Pu | 244Am | 245Cm | 246Bk | 247Cf | 248Es | 249Fm | 250Md | 251No | 252Lr | 253Rf |
| 150 | 242U | 243Np | 244Pu | 245Am | 246Cm | 247Bk | 248Cf | 249Es | 250Fm | 251Md | 252No | 253Lr | 254Rf | |
| 151 | 244Np | 245Pu | 246Am | 247Cm | 248Bk | 249Cf | 250Es | 251Fm | 252Md | 253No | 254Lr | 255Rf | ||
| 152 | 246Pu | 247Am | 248Cm | 249Bk | 250Cf | 251Es | 252Fm | 253Md | 254No | 255Lr | 256Rf | |||
| 153 | 247Pu | 248Am | 249Cm | 250Bk | 251Cf | 252Es | 253Fm | 254Md | 255No | 256Lr | 257Rf | |||
| 154 | 249Am | 250Cm | 251Bk | 252Cf | 253Es | 254Fm | 255Md | 256No | 257Lr | 258Rf | ||||
| 155 | 251Cm | 252Bk | 253Cf | 254Es | 255Fm | 256Md | 257No | 258Lr | 259Rf | |||||
| 156 | 252Cm | 253Bk | 254Cf | 255Es | 256Fm | 257Md | 258No | 259Lr | 260Rf | |||||
| 157 | 254Bk | 255Cf | 256Es | 257Fm | 258Md | 259No | 260Lr | 261Rf | ||||||
| 158 | 256Cf | 257Es | 258Fm | 259Md | 260No | 261Lr | 262Rf | |||||||
| 159 | 258Es | 259Fm | 260Md | 262Lr | 263Rf | |||||||||
| 160 | 260Fm | 262No | ||||||||||||
| 161 | 265Rf | |||||||||||||
| 162 | 266Rf | |||||||||||||
| 163 | 266Lr | 267Rf | ||||||||||||
| 164 | 268Rf | |||||||||||||
| 165 | ||||||||||||||
| 166 | 270Rf |
Isotop untuk elemen 105-118
| 145Gd | < 1 day |
| 146Gd | 1–10 days |
| 149Gd | 10–100 days |
| 153Gd | 100 days–10 a |
| 148Gd | 10–10,000 a |
| 150Gd | 10 ka–103 Ma |
| 152Gd | > 700 Ma |
| 158Gd | Stable |
| Z → | 105 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n ↓ | Db | |||||||
| 149 | 106 | |||||||
| 150 | 255Db | Sg | 107 | |||||
| 151 | 256Db | Bh | ||||||
| 152 | 257Db | 258Sg | 108 | |||||
| 153 | 258Db | 259Sg | 260Bh | Hs | 109 | |||
| 154 | 259Db | 260Sg | 261Bh | Mt | 110 | |||
| 155 | 260Db | 261Sg | 262Bh | 263Hs | Ds | |||
| 156 | 261Db | 262Sg | 264Hs | |||||
| 157 | 262Db | 263Sg | 264Bh | 265Hs | 266Mt | 267Ds | ||
| 158 | 263Db | 264Sg | 265Bh | 266Hs | 111 | |||
| 159 | 265Sg | 266Bh | 267Hs | 268Mt | 269Ds | Rg | ||
| 160 | 266Sg | 267Bh | 268Hs | 270Ds | ||||
| 161 | 266Db | 267Sg | 269Hs | 270Mt | 271Ds | 272Rg | ||
| 162 | 267Db | 270Hs | 112 | 113 | ||||
| 163 | 268Db | 269Sg | 270Bh | 271Hs | 273Ds | 274Rg | Cn | Nh |
| 164 | 271Bh | |||||||
| 165 | 270Db | 271Sg | 272Bh | 273Hs | 274Mt | 277Cn | 278Nh | |
| 166 | 275Mt | |||||||
| 167 | 274Bh | 275Hs | 276Mt | 277Ds | 278Rg | |||
| 168 | 277Mt | 279Rg | 114 | |||||
| 169 | 277Hs | 278Mt | 279Ds | 280Rg | 281Cn | 282Nh | Fl | 115 |
| 170 | 280Ds | 281Rg | 282Cn | 283Nh | 284Fl | Mc | 116 | |
| 171 | 281Ds | 282Rg | 283Cn | 284Nh | 285Fl | Lv | 117 | |
| 172 | 284Cn | 285Nh | 286Fl | 287Mc | Ts | 118 | ||
| 173 | 285Cn | 286Nh | 287Fl | 288Mc | Og | |||
| 174 | 288Fl | 289Mc | 290Lv | |||||
| 175 | 289Fl | 290Mc | 291Lv | |||||
| 176 | 292Lv | 293Ts | 294Og | |||||
| 177 | 293Lv | 294Ts |
Tabel Isotop Lengkap (semua isotop)
| 145Gd | < 1 day |
| 146Gd | 1–10 days |
| 149Gd | 10–100 days |
| 153Gd | 100 days–10 a |
| 148Gd | 10–10,000 a |
| 150Gd | 10 ka–103 Ma |
| 152Gd | > 700 Ma |
| 158Gd | Stable |
| Z → | 0 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n ↓ | n | H | He | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1H | Li | Be | B | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 1n | 2H | 3He | 4Li | 5Be | 6B | C | 7 | |||||||||||||||
| 2 | 3H | 4He | 5Li | 6Be | 7B | 8C | N | 8 | |||||||||||||||
| 3 | 4H | 5He | 6Li | 7Be | 8B | 9C | 10N | O | 9 | ||||||||||||||
| 4 | 5H | 6He | 7Li | 8Be | 9B | 10C | 11N | 12O | F | 10 | 13 | ||||||||||||
| 5 | 6H | 7He | 8Li | 9Be | 10B | 11C | 12N | 13O | 14F | Ne | 11 | 12 | Al | ||||||||||
| 6 | 7H | 8He | 9Li | 10Be | 11B | 12C | 13N | 14O | 15F | 16Ne | Na | Mg | 19Al | 14 | |||||||||
| 7 | 9He | 10Li | 11Be | 12B | 13C | 14N | 15O | 16F | 17Ne | 18Na | 19Mg | 20Al | Si | 15 | |||||||||
| 8 | 10He | 11Li | 12Be | 13B | 14C | 15N | 16O | 17F | 18Ne | 19Na | 20Mg | 21Al | 22Si | P | 16 | ||||||||
| 9 | 12Li | 13Be | 14B | 15C | 16N | 17O | 18F | 19Ne | 20Na | 21Mg | 22Al | 23Si | 24P | S | 17 | ||||||||
| 10 | 14Be | 15B | 16C | 17N | 18O | 19F | 20Ne | 21Na | 22Mg | 23Al | 24Si | 25P | 26S | Cl | 18 | ||||||||
| 11 | 15Be | 16B | 17C | 18N | 19O | 20F | 21Ne | 22Na | 23Mg | 24Al | 25Si | 26P | 27S | 28Cl | Ar | 19 | |||||||
| 12 | 16Be | 17B | 18C | 19N | 20O | 21F | 22Ne | 23Na | 24Mg | 25Al | 26Si | 27P | 28S | 29Cl | 30Ar | K | 20 | ||||||
| 13 | 19C | 20N | 21O | 22F | 23Ne | 24Na | 25Mg | 26Al | 27Si | 28P | 29S | 30Cl | 31Ar | 32K | Ca | ||||||||
| 14 | 20C | 21N | 22O | 23F | 24Ne | 25Na | 26Mg | 27Al | 28Si | 29P | 30S | 31Cl | 32Ar | 33K | 34Ca | 21 | 22 | ||||||
| 15 | 22N | 23O | 24F | 25Ne | 26Na | 27Mg | 28Al | 29Si | 30P | 31S | 32Cl | 33Ar | 34K | 35Ca | Sc | Ti | 23 | ||||||
| 16 | 24O | 25F | 26Ne | 27Na | 28Mg | 29Al | 30Si | 31P | 32S | 33Cl | 34Ar | 35K | 36Ca | 37Sc | 38Ti | V | 24 | ||||||
| 17 | 26F | 27Ne | 28Na | 29Mg | 30Al | 31Si | 32P | 33S | 34Cl | 35Ar | 36K | 37Ca | 38Sc | 39Ti | 40V | Cr | 25 | 26 | |||||
| 18 | 27F | 28Ne | 29Na | 30Mg | 31Al | 32Si | 33P | 34S | 35Cl | 36Ar | 37K | 38Ca | 39Sc | 40Ti | 41V | 42Cr | Mn | Fe | 27 | 28 | |||
| 19 | 28F | 29Ne | 30Na | 31Mg | 32Al | 33Si | 34P | 35S | 36Cl | 37Ar | 38K | 39Ca | 40Sc | 41Ti | 42V | 43Cr | 44Mn | 45Fe | Co | Ni | |||
| 20 | 29F | 30Ne | 31Na | 32Mg | 33Al | 34Si | 35P | 36S | 37Cl | 38Ar | 39K | 40Ca | 41Sc | 42Ti | 43V | 44Cr | 45Mn | 46Fe | 47Co | 48Ni | |||
| 21 | 30F | 31Ne | 32Na | 33Mg | 34Al | 35Si | 36P | 37S | 38Cl | 39Ar | 40K | 41Ca | 42Sc | 43Ti | 44V | 45Cr | 46Mn | 47Fe | 48Co | 49Ni | 29 | ||
| 22 | 31F | 32Ne | 33Na | 34Mg | 35Al | 36Si | 37P | 38S | 39Cl | 40Ar | 41K | 42Ca | 43Sc | 44Ti | 45V | 46Cr | 47Mn | 48Fe | 49Co | 50Ni | Cu | 30 | |
| 23 | 33Ne | 34Na | 35Mg | 36Al | 37Si | 38P | 39S | 40Cl | 41Ar | 42K | 43Ca | 44Sc | 45Ti | 46V | 47Cr | 48Mn | 49Fe | 50Co | 51Ni | 52Cu | Zn | 31 | |
| 24 | 34Ne | 35Na | 36Mg | 37Al | 38Si | 39P | 40S | 41Cl | 42Ar | 43K | 44Ca | 45Sc | 46Ti | 47V | 48Cr | 49Mn | 50Fe | 51Co | 52Ni | 53Cu | 54Zn | Ga | 32 |
| 25 | 36Na | 37Mg | 38Al | 39Si | 40P | 41S | 42Cl | 43Ar | 44K | 45Ca | 46Sc | 47Ti | 48V | 49Cr | 50Mn | 51Fe | 52Co | 53Ni | 54Cu | 55Zn | 56Ga | Ge | 33 |
| 26 | 37Na | 38Mg | 39Al | 40Si | 41P | 42S | 43Cl | 44Ar | 45K | 46Ca | 47Sc | 48Ti | 49V | 50Cr | 51Mn | 52Fe | 53Co | 54Ni | 55Cu | 56Zn | 57Ga | 58Ge | As |
| 27 | 39Mg | 40Al | 41Si | 42P | 43S | 44Cl | 45Ar | 46K | 47Ca | 48Sc | 49Ti | 50V | 51Cr | 52Mn | 53Fe | 54Co | 55Ni | 56Cu | 57Zn | 58Ga | 59Ge | 60As | |
| 28 | 40Mg | 41Al | 42Si | 43P | 44S | 45Cl | 46Ar | 47K | 48Ca | 49Sc | 50Ti | 51V | 52Cr | 53Mn | 54Fe | 55Co | 56Ni | 57Cu | 58Zn | 59Ga | 60Ge | 61As | |
| 29 | 42Al | 43Si | 44P | 45S | 46Cl | 47Ar | 48K | 49Ca | 50Sc | 51Ti | 52V | 53Cr | 54Mn | 55Fe | 56Co | 57Ni | 58Cu | 59Zn | 60Ga | 61Ge | 62As | 34 | 35 |
| 30 | 44Si | 45P | 46S | 47Cl | 48Ar | 49K | 50Ca | 51Sc | 52Ti | 53V | 54Cr | 55Mn | 56Fe | 57Co | 58Ni | 59Cu | 60Zn | 61Ga | 62Ge | 63As | Se | Br | |
| 31 | 46P | 47S | 48Cl | 49Ar | 50K | 51Ca | 52Sc | 53Ti | 54V | 55Cr | 56Mn | 57Fe | 58Co | 59Ni | 60Cu | 61Zn | 62Ga | 63Ge | 64As | 65Se | 66Br | 36 | |
| 32 | 48S | 49Cl | 50Ar | 51K | 52Ca | 53Sc | 54Ti | 55V | 56Cr | 57Mn | 58Fe | 59Co | 60Ni | 61Cu | 62Zn | 63Ga | 64Ge | 65As | 66Se | 67Br | Kr | 37 | |
| 33 | 49S | 50Cl | 51Ar | 52K | 53Ca | 54Sc | 55Ti | 56V | 57Cr | 58Mn | 59Fe | 60Co | 61Ni | 62Cu | 63Zn | 64Ga | 65Ge | 66As | 67Se | 68Br | 69Kr | Rb | |
| 34 | 51Cl | 52Ar | 53K | 54Ca | 55Sc | 56Ti | 57V | 58Cr | 59Mn | 60Fe | 61Co | 62Ni | 63Cu | 64Zn | 65Ga | 66Ge | 67As | 68Se | 69Br | 70Kr | 71Rb | ||
| 35 | 53Ar | 54K | 55Ca | 56Sc | 57Ti | 58V | 59Cr | 60Mn | 61Fe | 62Co | 63Ni | 64Cu | 65Zn | 66Ga | 67Ge | 68As | 69Se | 70Br | 71Kr | 72Rb | |||
| 36 | 55K | 56Ca | 57Sc | 58Ti | 59V | 60Cr | 61Mn | 62Fe | 63Co | 64Ni | 65Cu | 66Zn | 67Ga | 68Ge | 69As | 70Se | 71Br | 72Kr | 73Rb | ||||
| 37 | 56K | 57Ca | 58Sc | 59Ti | 60V | 61Cr | 62Mn | 63Fe | 64Co | 65Ni | 66Cu | 67Zn | 68Ga | 69Ge | 70As | 71Se | 72Br | 73Kr | 74Rb | ||||
| 38 | 59Sc | 60Ti | 61V | 62Cr | 63Mn | 64Fe | 65Co | 66Ni | 67Cu | 68Zn | 69Ga | 70Ge | 71As | 72Se | 73Br | 74Kr | 75Rb | ||||||
| 39 | 60Sc | 61Ti | 62V | 63Cr | 64Mn | 65Fe | 66Co | 67Ni | 68Cu | 69Zn | 70Ga | 71Ge | 72As | 73Se | 74Br | 75Kr | 76Rb | ||||||
| 40 | 62Ti | 63V | 64Cr | 65Mn | 66Fe | 67Co | 68Ni | 69Cu | 70Zn | 71Ga | 72Ge | 73As | 74Se | 75Br | 76Kr | 77Rb | 38 | ||||||
| 41 | 63Ti | 64V | 65Cr | 66Mn | 67Fe | 68Co | 69Ni | 70Cu | 71Zn | 72Ga | 73Ge | 74As | 75Se | 76Br | 77Kr | 78Rb | Sr | 39 | |||||
| 42 | 65V | 66Cr | 67Mn | 68Fe | 69Co | 70Ni | 71Cu | 72Zn | 73Ga | 74Ge | 75As | 76Se | 77Br | 78Kr | 79Rb | 80Sr | Y | 40 | |||||
| 43 | 67Cr | 68Mn | 69Fe | 70Co | 71Ni | 72Cu | 73Zn | 74Ga | 75Ge | 76As | 77Se | 78Br | 79Kr | 80Rb | 81Sr | 82Y | Zr | 41 | |||||
| 44 | 69Mn | 70Fe | 71Co | 72Ni | 73Cu | 74Zn | 75Ga | 76Ge | 77As | 78Se | 79Br | 80Kr | 81Rb | 82Sr | 83Y | 84Zr | Nb | 42 | |||||
| 45 | 71Fe | 72Co | 73Ni | 74Cu | 75Zn | 76Ga | 77Ge | 78As | 79Se | 80Br | 81Kr | 82Rb | 83Sr | 84Y | 85Zr | 86Nb | Mo | 43 | |||||
| 46 | 72Fe | 73Co | 74Ni | 75Cu | 76Zn | 77Ga | 78Ge | 79As | 80Se | 81Br | 82Kr | 83Rb | 84Sr | 85Y | 86Zr | 87Nb | 88Mo | Tc | 44 | ||||
| 47 | 74Co | 75Ni | 76Cu | 77Zn | 78Ga | 79Ge | 80As | 81Se | 82Br | 83Kr | 84Rb | 85Sr | 86Y | 87Zr | 88Nb | 89Mo | 90Tc | Ru | 45 | ||||
| 48 | 75Co | 76Ni | 77Cu | 78Zn | 79Ga | 80Ge | 81As | 82Se | 83Br | 84Kr | 85Rb | 86Sr | 87Y | 88Zr | 89Nb | 90Mo | 91Tc | 92Ru | Rh | 46 | |||
| 49 | 77Ni | 78Cu | 79Zn | 80Ga | 81Ge | 82As | 83Se | 84Br | 85Kr | 86Rb | 87Sr | 88Y | 89Zr | 90Nb | 91Mo | 92Tc | 93Ru | Pd | 47 | ||||
| 50 | 78Ni | 79Cu | 80Zn | 81Ga | 82Ge | 83As | 84Se | 85Br | 86Kr | 87Rb | 88Sr | 89Y | 90Zr | 91Nb | 92Mo | 93Tc | 94Ru | 95Rh | Ag | 48 | |||
| 51 | 80Cu | 81Zn | 82Ga | 83Ge | 84As | 85Se | 86Br | 87Kr | 88Rb | 89Sr | 90Y | 91Zr | 92Nb | 93Mo | 94Tc | 95Ru | 96Rh | 97Pd | Cd | ||||
| 52 | 82Zn | 83Ga | 84Ge | 85As | 86Se | 87Br | 88Kr | 89Rb | 90Sr | 91Y | 92Zr | 93Nb | 94Mo | 95Tc | 96Ru | 97Rh | 98Pd | 99Ag | 100Cd | 49 | |||
| 53 | 83Zn | 84Ga | 85Ge | 86As | 87Se | 88Br | 89Kr | 90Rb | 91Sr | 92Y | 93Zr | 94Nb | 95Mo | 96Tc | 97Ru | 98Rh | 99Pd | 100Ag | 101Cd | In | 50 | ||
| 54 | 85Ga | 86Ge | 87As | 88Se | 89Br | 90Kr | 91Rb | 92Sr | 93Y | 94Zr | 95Nb | 96Mo | 97Tc | 98Ru | 99Rh | 100Pd | 101Ag | 102Cd | Sn | 51 | |||
| 55 | 86Ga | 87Ge | 88As | 89Se | 90Br | 91Kr | 92Rb | 93Sr | 94Y | 95Zr | 96Nb | 97Mo | 98Tc | 99Ru | 100Rh | 101Pd | 102Ag | 103Cd | 104In | Sb | 52 | ||
| 56 | 88Ge | 89As | 90Se | 91Br | 92Kr | 93Rb | 95Y | 96Zr | 97Nb | 98Mo | 99Tc | 100Ru | 101Rh | 102Pd | 103Ag | 104Cd | Te | 53 | |||||
| 57 | 89Ge | 90As | 91Se | 92Br | 93Kr | 94Rb | 96Y | 97Zr | 98Nb | 99Mo | 100Tc | 101Ru | 102Rh | 103Pd | 104Ag | 105Cd | 106In | 107Sn | 109Te | I | 54 | ||
| 58 | 91As | 92Se | 93Br | 94Kr | 95Rb | 97Y | 98Zr | 99Nb | 100Mo | 101Tc | 102Ru | 103Rh | 104Pd | 105Ag | 106Cd | 107In | 108Sn | Xe | 55 | ||||
| 59 | 92As | 93Se | 94Br | 95Kr | 96Rb | 98Y | 99Zr | 100Nb | 101Mo | 102Tc | 103Ru | 104Rh | 105Pd | 106Ag | 107Cd | 108In | 109Sn | 110Sb | 111Te | 113Xe | Cs | ||
| 60 | 94Se | 95Br | 96Kr | 97Rb | 99Y | 100Zr | 101Nb | 102Mo | 103Tc | 104Ru | 105Rh | 106Pd | 107Ag | 108Cd | 109In | 110Sn | 111Sb | 112Te | 56 | ||||
| 61 | 96Br | 97Kr | 98Rb | 100Y | 101Zr | 102Nb | 103Mo | 104Tc | 105Ru | 106Rh | 107Pd | 108Ag | 109Cd | 110In | 111Sn | 112Sb | 113Te | 115Xe | 116Cs | Ba | |||
| 62 | 97Br | 98Kr | 99Rb | 102Zr | 103Nb | 104Mo | 105Tc | 106Ru | 107Rh | 108Pd | 109Ag | 110Cd | 111In | 112Sn | 113Sb | 114Te | 115I | 116Xe | 117Cs | ||||
| 63 | 99Kr | 100Rb | 104Nb | 105Mo | 106Tc | 107Ru | 108Rh | 109Pd | 110Ag | 111Cd | 112In | 113Sn | 114Sb | 115Te | 116I | 117Xe | 118Cs | 119Ba | 57 | ||||
| 64 | 100Kr | 101Rb | 106Mo | 107Tc | 108Ru | 109Rh | 110Pd | 111Ag | 112Cd | 113In | 114Sn | 115Sb | 116Te | 117I | 118Xe | 119Cs | La | ||||||
| 65 | 101Kr | 102Rb | 108Tc | 109Ru | 110Rh | 111Pd | 112Ag | 113Cd | 114In | 115Sn | 116Sb | 117Te | 118I | 119Xe | 120Cs | 121Ba | |||||||
| 66 | 110Ru | 111Rh | 112Pd | 113Ag | 114Cd | 115In | 116Sn | 117Sb | 118Te | 119I | 120Xe | 121Cs | 122Ba | ||||||||||
| 67 | 112Rh | 113Pd | 114Ag | 115Cd | 116In | 117Sn | 118Sb | 119Te | 120I | 121Xe | 122Cs | 123Ba | 58 | ||||||||||
| 68 | 114Pd | 115Ag | 116Cd | 117In | 118Sn | 119Sb | 120Te | 121I | 122Xe | 123Cs | 124Ba | 125La | Ce | ||||||||||
| 69 | 116Ag | 117Cd | 118In | 119Sn | 120Sb | 121Te | 122I | 123Xe | 124Cs | 125Ba | 126La | ||||||||||||
| 70 | 117Ag | 118Cd | 119In | 120Sn | 121Sb | 122Te | 123I | 124Xe | 125Cs | 126Ba | 127La | 59 | |||||||||||
| 71 | 118Ag | 119Cd | 120In | 121Sn | 122Sb | 123Te | 124I | 125Xe | 126Cs | 127Ba | 128La | 129Ce | Pr | 60 | |||||||||
| 72 | 119Ag | 120Cd | 121In | 122Sn | 123Sb | 124Te | 125I | 126Xe | 127Cs | 128Ba | 129La | 130Ce | Nd | ||||||||||
| 73 | 120Ag | 121Cd | 122In | 123Sn | 124Sb | 125Te | 126I | 127Xe | 128Cs | 129Ba | 130La | 131Ce | 132Pr | 61 | 62 | 63 | |||||||
| 74 | 121Ag | 122Cd | 123In | 124Sn | 125Sb | 126Te | 127I | 128Xe | 129Cs | 130Ba | 131La | 132Ce | 133Pr | 134Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | ||||||
| 75 | 122Ag | 123Cd | 124In | 125Sn | 126Sb | 127Te | 128I | 129Xe | 130Cs | 131Ba | 132La | 133Ce | 134Pr | 135Nd | 137Sm | 64 | |||||||
| 76 | 123Ag | 124Cd | 125In | 126Sn | 127Sb | 128Te | 129I | 130Xe | 131Cs | 132Ba | 133La | 134Ce | 135Pr | 136Nd | 137Pm | 138Sm | 139Eu | Gd | |||||
| 77 | 125Cd | 126In | 127Sn | 128Sb | 129Te | 130I | 131Xe | 132Cs | 133Ba | 134La | 135Ce | 136Pr | 137Nd | 138Pm | 139Sm | 140Eu | |||||||
| 78 | 127In | 128Sn | 129Sb | 130Te | 131I | 132Xe | 133Cs | 134Ba | 135La | 136Ce | 137Pr | 138Nd | 139Pm | 140Sm | 141Eu | 142Gd | |||||||
| 79 | 129Sn | 130Sb | 131Te | 132I | 133Xe | 134Cs | 135Ba | 136La | 137Ce | 138Pr | 139Nd | 140Pm | 141Sm | 142Eu | 143Gd | 65 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | |||
| 80 | 130Sn | 131Sb | 132Te | 133I | 134Xe | 135Cs | 136Ba | 137La | 138Ce | 139Pr | 140Nd | 141Pm | 142Sm | 143Eu | 144Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | 70 | ||
| 81 | 131Sn | 132Sb | 133Te | 134I | 135Xe | 136Cs | 137Ba | 138La | 139Ce | 140Pr | 141Nd | 142Pm | 143Sm | 144Eu | 145Gd | 146Tb | 147Dy | Yb | 71 | ||||
| 82 | 132Sn | 133Sb | 134Te | 135I | 136Xe | 137Cs | 138Ba | 139La | 140Ce | 141Pr | 142Nd | 143Pm | 144Sm | 145Eu | 146Gd | 147Tb | 148Dy | 150Er | 151Tm | Lu | |||
| 83 | 133Sn | 134Sb | 135Te | 136I | 137Xe | 138Cs | 139Ba | 140La | 141Ce | 142Pr | 143Nd | 144Pm | 145Sm | 146Eu | 147Gd | 148Tb | 149Dy | 150Ho | 151Er | ||||
| 84 | 134Sn | 135Sb | 136Te | 137I | 138Xe | 139Cs | 140Ba | 141La | 142Ce | 143Pr | 144Nd | 145Pm | 146Sm | 147Eu | 148Gd | 149Tb | 150Dy | 151Ho | 152Er | 153Tm | 154Yb | 155Lu | |
| 85 | 136Sb | 137Te | 138I | 139Xe | 140Cs | 141Ba | 142La | 143Ce | 144Pr | 145Nd | 146Pm | 147Sm | 148Eu | 149Gd | 150Tb | 151Dy | 152Ho | 153Er | 154Tm | 155Yb | 156Lu | ||
| 86 | 138Te | 139I | 140Xe | 141Cs | 142Ba | 143La | 144Ce | 145Pr | 146Nd | 147Pm | 148Sm | 149Eu | 150Gd | 151Tb | 152Dy | 153Ho | 154Er | 155Tm | 156Yb | ||||
| 87 | 140I | 141Xe | 142Cs | 143Ba | 144La | 145Ce | 146Pr | 147Nd | 148Pm | 149Sm | 150Eu | 151Gd | 152Tb | 153Dy | 154Ho | 155Er | 156Tm | 157Yb | |||||
| 88 | 142Xe | 143Cs | 144Ba | 145La | 146Ce | 147Pr | 148Nd | 149Pm | 150Sm | 151Eu | 152Gd | 153Tb | 154Dy | 155Ho | 156Er | 157Tm | 158Yb | ||||||
| 89 | 144Cs | 145Ba | 146La | 147Ce | 148Pr | 149Nd | 150Pm | 151Sm | 152Eu | 153Gd | 154Tb | 155Dy | 156Ho | 157Er | 158Tm | ||||||||
| 90 | 146Ba | 147La | 148Ce | 149Pr | 150Nd | 151Pm | 152Sm | 153Eu | 154Gd | 155Tb | 156Dy | 157Ho | 158Er | 159Tm | 160Yb | 161Lu | |||||||
| 91 | 148La | 149Ce | 150Pr | 151Nd | 152Pm | 153Sm | 154Eu | 155Gd | 156Tb | 157Dy | 158Ho | 159Er | 160Tm | 161Yb | 162Lu | ||||||||
| 92 | 150Ce | 151Pr | 152Nd | 153Pm | 154Sm | 155Eu | 156Gd | 157Tb | 158Dy | 159Ho | 160Er | 161Tm | 162Yb | ||||||||||
| 93 | 154Pm | 155Sm | 156Eu | 157Gd | 158Tb | 159Dy | 160Ho | 161Er | 162Tm | 163Yb | 164Lu | ||||||||||||
| 94 | 154Nd | 156Sm | 157Eu | 158Gd | 159Tb | 160Dy | 161Ho | 162Er | 163Tm | 164Yb | 165Lu | 72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 | |||
| 95 | 157Sm | 158Eu | 159Gd | 160Tb | 161Dy | 162Ho | 163Er | 164Tm | 165Yb | 166Lu | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | ||||
| 96 | 159Eu | 160Gd | 161Tb | 162Dy | 163Ho | 164Er | 165Tm | 166Yb | 167Lu | 168Hf | 169Ta | 170W | 172Os | 171Ir | 174Pt | 175Au | |||||||
| 97 | 160Eu | 161Gd | 162Tb | 163Dy | 164Ho | 165Er | 166Tm | 167Yb | 168Lu | 169Hf | 170Ta | 171W | 172Re | 173Os | 174Ir | 175Pt | 176Au | 177Hg | |||||
| 98 | 162Gd | 163Tb | 164Dy | 165Ho | 166Er | 167Tm | 168Yb | 169Lu | 170Hf | 171Ta | 172W | 174Os | 175Ir | 176Pt | 177Au | 178Hg | |||||||
| 99 | 164Tb | 165Dy | 166Ho | 167Er | 168Tm | 169Yb | 170Lu | 171Hf | 172Ta | 173W | 174Re | 175Os | 176Ir | 177Pt | 178Au | 179Hg | 81 | ||||||
| 100 | 166Dy | 167Ho | 168Er | 169Tm | 170Yb | 171Lu | 172Hf | 173Ta | 174W | 175Re | 176Os | 177Ir | 178Pt | 179Au | 180Hg | Tl | 82 | ||||||
| 101 | 167Dy | 168Ho | 169Er | 170Tm | 171Yb | 172Lu | 173Hf | 174Ta | 175W | 176Re | 177Os | 178Ir | 179Pt | 181Hg | Pb | ||||||||
| 102 | 169Ho | 170Er | 171Tm | 172Yb | 173Lu | 174Hf | 175Ta | 176W | 177Re | 178Os | 179Ir | 180Pt | 181Au | 182Hg | |||||||||
| 103 | 170Ho | 171Er | 172Tm | 173Yb | 174Lu | 175Hf | 176Ta | 177W | 178Re | 179Os | 180Ir | 181Pt | 182Au | 183Hg | 184Tl | 185Pb | 83 | ||||||
| 104 | 172Er | 173Tm | 174Yb | 175Lu | 176Hf | 177Ta | 178W | 179Re | 180Os | 181Ir | 182Pt | 183Au | 184Hg | 185Tl | 186Pb | Bi | |||||||
| 105 | 173Er | 174Tm | 175Yb | 176Lu | 177Hf | 178Ta | 179W | 180Re | 181Os | 182Ir | 183Pt | 184Au | 185Hg | 186Tl | 187Pb | 84 | |||||||
| 106 | 175Tm | 176Yb | 177Lu | 178Hf | 179Ta | 180W | 181Re | 182Os | 183Ir | 184Pt | 185Au | 186Hg | 187Tl | 188Pb | 189Bi | Po | 85 | ||||||
| 107 | 176Tm | 177Yb | 178Lu | 179Hf | 180Ta | 181W | 182Re | 183Os | 184Ir | 185Pt | 186Au | 187Hg | 188Tl | 189Pb | 190Bi | At | |||||||
| 108 | 178Yb | 179Lu | 180Hf | 181Ta | 182W | 183Re | 184Os | 185Ir | 186Pt | 187Au | 188Hg | 189Tl | 190Pb | 191Bi | |||||||||
| 109 | 180Lu | 181Hf | 182Ta | 183W | 184Re | 185Os | 186Ir | 187Pt | 188Au | 189Hg | 190Tl | 191Pb | 192Bi | 193Po | 194At | ||||||||
| 110 | 182Hf | 183Ta | 184W | 185Re | 186Os | 187Ir | 188Pt | 189Au | 190Hg | 191Tl | 192Pb | 193Bi | 194Po | 195At | |||||||||
| 111 | 183Hf | 184Ta | 185W | 186Re | 187Os | 188Ir | 189Pt | 190Au | 191Hg | 192Tl | 193Pb | 194Bi | 195Po | 196At | |||||||||
| 112 | 184Hf | 185Ta | 186W | 187Re | 188Os | 189Ir | 190Pt | 191Au | 192Hg | 193Tl | 194Pb | 195Bi | 196Po | 197At | |||||||||
| 113 | 185Hf | 186Ta | 187W | 188Re | 189Os | 190Ir | 191Pt | 192Au | 193Hg | 194Tl | 195Pb | 196Bi | 197Po | 198At | |||||||||
| 114 | 188W | 189Re | 190Os | 191Ir | 192Pt | 193Au | 194Hg | 195Tl | 196Pb | 197Bi | 198Po | 199At | |||||||||||
| 115 | 189W | 190Re | 191Os | 192Ir | 193Pt | 194Au | 195Hg | 196Tl | 197Pb | 198Bi | 199Po | 200At | |||||||||||
| 116 | 190W | 191Re | 192Os | 193Ir | 194Pt | 195Au | 196Hg | 197Tl | 198Pb | 199Bi | 200Po | 201At | |||||||||||
| 117 | 192Re | 193Os | 194Ir | 195Pt | 196Au | 197Hg | 198Tl | 199Pb | 200Bi | 201Po | 202At | ||||||||||||
| 118 | 194Os | 195Ir | 196Pt | 197Au | 198Hg | 199Tl | 200Pb | 201Bi | 202Po | 203At | |||||||||||||
| 119 | 195Os | 196Ir | 197Pt | 198Au | 199Hg | 200Tl | 201Pb | 202Bi | 203Po | 204At | |||||||||||||
| 120 | 196Os | 197Ir | 198Pt | 199Au | 200Hg | 201Tl | 202Pb | 203Bi | 204Po | 205At | |||||||||||||
| 121 | 198Ir | 199Pt | 200Au | 201Hg | 202Tl | 203Pb | 204Bi | 205Po | 206At | ||||||||||||||
| 122 | 200Pt | 201Au | 202Hg | 203Tl | 204Pb | 205Bi | 206Po | 207At | |||||||||||||||
| 123 | 201Pt | 202Au | 203Hg | 204Tl | 205Pb | 206Bi | 207Po | 208At | |||||||||||||||
| 124 | 203Au | 204Hg | 205Tl | 206Pb | 207Bi | 208Po | 209At | ||||||||||||||||
| 125 | 204Au | 205Hg | 206Tl | 207Pb | 208Bi | 209Po | 210At | 86 | |||||||||||||||
| 126 | 206Hg | 207Tl | 208Pb | 209Bi | 210Po | 211At | Rn | 87 | |||||||||||||||
| 127 | 208Tl | 209Pb | 210Bi | 211Po | 212At | 213Rn | Fr | 88 | |||||||||||||||
| 128 | 209Tl | 210Pb | 211Bi | 212Po | 213At | 214Rn | 215Fr | Ra | 89 | ||||||||||||||
| 129 | 210Tl | 211Pb | 212Bi | 213Po | 214At | 215Rn | 216Fr | 217Ra | Ac | 90 | |||||||||||||
| 130 | 212Pb | 213Bi | 214Po | 215At | 216Rn | 217Fr | 218Ra | 219Ac | Th | 91 | |||||||||||||
| 131 | 213Pb | 214Bi | 215Po | 216At | 217Rn | 218Fr | 219Ra | 220Ac | 221Th | Pa | 92 | ||||||||||||
| 132 | 214Pb | 215Bi | 216Po | 217At | 218Rn | 219Fr | 220Ra | 221Ac | 222Th | 223Pa | U | 93 | |||||||||||
| 133 | 217Po | 218At | 219Rn | 220Fr | 221Ra | 222Ac | 223Th | 224Pa | Np | 94 | |||||||||||||
| 134 | 218Po | 219At | 220Rn | 221Fr | 222Ra | 223Ac | 224Th | 225Pa | 226U | Pu | 95 | ||||||||||||
| 135 | 220At | 221Rn | 222Fr | 223Ra | 224Ac | 225Th | 226Pa | 227U | 228Np | Am | |||||||||||||
| 136 | 221At | 222Rn | 223Fr | 224Ra | 225Ac | 226Th | 227Pa | 228U | 229Np | 96 | |||||||||||||
| 137 | 223Rn | 224Fr | 225Ra | 226Ac | 227Th | 228Pa | 229U | 230Np | 232Am | Cm | 97 | ||||||||||||
| 138 | 224Rn | 225Fr | 226Ra | 227Ac | 228Th | 229Pa | 230U | 231Np | 232Pu | 233Am | Bk | ||||||||||||
| 139 | 225Rn | 226Fr | 227Ra | 228Ac | 229Th | 230Pa | 231U | 232Np | 233Pu | 234Am | 236Bk | 98 | 99 | 100 | |||||||||
| 140 | 226Rn | 227Fr | 228Ra | 229Ac | 230Th | 231Pa | 232U | 233Np | 234Pu | 235Am | 236Cm | Cf | Es | Fm | |||||||||
| 141 | 228Fr | 229Ra | 230Ac | 231Th | 232Pa | 233U | 234Np | 235Pu | 236Am | 237Cm | 240Es | 241Fm | |||||||||||
| 142 | 229Fr | 230Ra | 231Ac | 232Th | 233Pa | 234U | 235Np | 236Pu | 237Am | 238Cm | 239Bk | 240Cf | 241Es | 242Fm | |||||||||
| 143 | 232Ac | 233Th | 234Pa | 235U | 236Np | 237Pu | 238Am | 239Cm | 240Bk | 241Cf | 242Es | 243Fm | |||||||||||
| 144 | 234Th | 235Pa | 236U | 237Np | 238Pu | 239Am | 240Cm | 241Bk | 242Cf | 243Es | 244Fm | 101 | |||||||||||
| 145 | 235Th | 236Pa | 237U | 238Np | 239Pu | 240Am | 241Cm | 242Bk | 243Cf | 244Es | 245Fm | Md | 102 | ||||||||||
| 146 | 236Th | 237Pa | 238U | 239Np | 240Pu | 241Am | 242Cm | 243Bk | 244Cf | 245Es | 246Fm | No | 103 | 104 | |||||||||
| 147 | 237Th | 238Pa | 239U | 240Np | 241Pu | 242Am | 243Cm | 244Bk | 245Cf | 246Es | 247Fm | 248Md | Lr | Rf | 105 | ||||||||
| 148 | 238Th | 239Pa | 240U | 241Np | 242Pu | 243Am | 244Cm | 245Bk | 246Cf | 247Es | 248Fm | 249Md | 250No | Db | |||||||||
| 149 | 240Pa | 241U | 242Np | 243Pu | 244Am | 245Cm | 246Bk | 247Cf | 248Es | 249Fm | 250Md | 251No | 252Lr | 253Rf | 106 |
Sejarah Tabel Periodik
Ketahui sejarah dan perkembangan tabel periodik dari zaman dahulu, tahun 1789 sampai 1945.
Rumus Kimia Konsep Mol Dan Empiris Beserta Contoh Soal Dan Jawaban
Jika Anda telah mempelajari atom, molekul dan ion sebagai partikel-partikel materi. Bagaimana caranya menghitung jumlah yang sangat banyak dari partikel-partikel materi yang berukuran sangat kecil tersebut?
Klik disini untuk belajar lebih lanjut tentang rumus-rumus MOL.
Bacaan Lainnya
- Rumus Kimia Konsep Mol Dan Empiris Beserta Contoh Soal Dan Jawaban
- Manfaat Kalsium Untuk Tubuh Manusia
- Indonesia Juga Memiliki 3 Reaktor Nuklir
- Reaktor Nuklir Alami Zaman Purba
- Awalnya, reaktor nuklir pertama digunakan untuk produksi plutonium sebagai bahan senjata nuklir
- Homogen dan Heterogen | Perbedaan, Campuran, Contoh (Fisika Kimia)
Isotop penting dan contoh penggunaannya
Tidak semua isotop memiliki peran yang sama. Sebagian stabil dan menjadi bagian alami materi, sedangkan radioisotop tertentu digunakan dalam kedokteran, penanggalan, industri, penelitian, dan teknologi energi. Contoh yang sering dipelajari antara lain:
- Hidrogen-1 dan hidrogen-2 (deuterium): penting untuk kimia dasar, studi air, dan penelitian isotop.
- Karbon-14: digunakan untuk penanggalan radiokarbon pada bahan organik.
- Oksigen-18: dipakai dalam studi iklim purba, hidrologi, dan penelusuran proses kimia.
- Kobalt-60: sumber radiasi untuk sterilisasi, industri, dan sejumlah aplikasi medis.
- Iodium-131: digunakan dalam kedokteran nuklir, terutama berkaitan dengan kelenjar tiroid.
- Uranium-235 dan uranium-238: penting dalam fisika nuklir, geokronologi, dan teknologi bahan bakar nuklir.
Isotop, nuklida, dan waktu paruh: apa bedanya?
Isotop adalah atom-atom dari unsur yang sama dengan jumlah proton sama tetapi jumlah neutron berbeda. Nuklida adalah istilah yang lebih umum untuk satu jenis inti tertentu yang ditentukan oleh jumlah proton dan neutron. Sementara itu, waktu paruh adalah waktu yang diperlukan agar setengah dari sejumlah inti radioaktif meluruh.
Karena itu, dua isotop dari unsur yang sama dapat memiliki kestabilan yang sangat berbeda. Karbon-12 stabil, misalnya, sedangkan karbon-14 radioaktif. Perbedaan ini berasal dari struktur dan energi inti, bukan dari perubahan jumlah elektron.
Mengapa tabel isotop penting?
- Pendidikan: membantu memahami hubungan proton, neutron, nomor massa, dan kestabilan inti.
- Kedokteran nuklir: pemilihan radioisotop bergantung pada jenis radiasi dan waktu paruhnya.
- Geologi dan arkeologi: pasangan isotop tertentu menjadi jam alami untuk menentukan umur material.
- Energi nuklir: sifat isotop menentukan kemungkinan fisi, penangkapan neutron, dan produk peluruhan.
- Lingkungan: rasio isotop dapat menelusuri asal air, polutan, karbon, dan proses biogeokimia.
Artikel unsur terkait
Untuk memudahkan belajar, tabel ini akan dihubungkan bertahap ke artikel unsur yang sudah tersedia atau yang nantinya selesai diperbarui. Saat ini Anda dapat melanjutkan ke hidrogen, helium, karbon, besi, iodin, emas, torium, dan uranium.
Versi bahasa Inggris dan panduan pendamping tersedia di CleverlySmart Complete Isotope Table Guide.
Pertanyaan yang sering diajukan
Apakah semua unsur mempunyai isotop?
Ya. Setiap unsur memiliki nuklida yang mewakili jumlah neutron tertentu, tetapi jumlah isotop yang telah diamati berbeda-beda untuk setiap unsur. Sebagian unsur mempunyai isotop stabil, sedangkan unsur lain hanya mempunyai radioisotop.
Apa perbedaan nomor atom dan nomor massa?
Nomor atom Z adalah jumlah proton. Nomor massa A adalah jumlah proton ditambah neutron. Dua isotop dari unsur yang sama memiliki Z yang sama tetapi A yang berbeda.
Apakah isotop radioaktif selalu berbahaya?
Tidak selalu dalam konteks yang sama. Risiko bergantung pada jenis radiasi, aktivitas, jumlah bahan, cara paparan, waktu paruh, dan kondisi penggunaannya. Radioisotop juga memiliki manfaat penting dalam diagnosis, terapi, industri, dan penelitian ketika dikelola dengan prosedur keselamatan yang tepat.
Apakah data pada tabel isotop dapat berubah?
Ya. Penemuan nuklida baru dan pengukuran waktu paruh yang lebih presisi dapat memperbarui basis data nuklir. Untuk penelitian atau pekerjaan teknis, verifikasi angka terbaru pada IAEA LiveChart of Nuclides dan NNDC NuDat.
Sumber dan data lebih lanjut
Untuk data nuklida yang diperbarui, gunakan IAEA LiveChart dan NNDC NuDat sebagai rujukan teknis. Tautan sumber lama, termasuk Wikipedia/Wikimedia, Royal Society of Chemistry, IUPAC, dan sumber lain yang sudah ada di artikel ini tetap dipertahankan di bawah.
Sumber bacaan: Wikipedia, Wikimedia Commons — Table of nuclides, Royal Society of Chemistry, IUPAC, LANL, The King’s Centre for Visualization in Science
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